5.3 - Covalent bonding

Question 1

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 1

The strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms
- Overlap of atomic orbitals

Question 2

What atoms do covalent bonds occur between?

Answer 2

• non-metallic elements
• compounds of non-metallic elements
• polyatomic ions

Question 3

What is meant when the attraction between covalent bonds are localised?

Answer 3

The attraction acts solely between the shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the two bonded atoms
- whereas the electrostatic attraction between ions occur in all directions in the three dimensions

Question 4

Draw the dot and cross diagram for CH₄

Answer 4

:)

Question 5

Draw the dot and cross diagram for NH₃

Answer 5

:)

Question 6

How many covalent bonds are formed by carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen?

Answer 6

4, 3, 2, 1

Question 7

Why can sulfur and fluorine form 3 types of covalent compounds? Draw the dot and cross diagrams

Answer 7

Different number of unpaired electrons leads to different possibilities for covalent compounds

Question 8

What has double covalent bonds? Draw the dot and cross diagram

Answer 8

O₂ and CO₂

Question 9

What has triple covalent bonds? Draw the dot and cross diagram

Answer 9

N₂

Question 10

What is a dative covalent bond?

Answer 10

A covalent bond in which the shared pair of electrons has been supplied by one of the bonding atoms only

Question 11

Draw the formation of a dative covalent bond in NH₄⁺

Answer 11

:)