DNA Terminology

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid is a double helix stranded molecule that carries genetic instructions used for reproduction, growth and functions.

Question 2

Chromosome

Answer 2

Thread like structures located inside the nucleus made up of protein and a single molecule of DNA.

Chromosomes’ structure of spool like proteins (histones) helps DNA molecule to fit in cells.

Question 3

Homologous pair

Answer 3

The same pair of chromosomes. They are twins, but doesn’t have to be identical).

Question 4

Gene

Answer 4

A sequence of nucleotides along a segment of DNA that contains information for a cell to use. They create proteins which creates pigments.

Question 5

Inheritance

Answer 5

Physical features that offsprings inherit from their parents.

Question 6

A

Answer 6

Adenine

Question 7

T

Answer 7

Thymine

Question 8

C

Answer 8

Cytosine

Question 9

G

Answer 9

Guanine

Question 10

Homozygous

Answer 10

Having 2 identical alleles on homologous chromosomes.

Question 11

Hybrid

Answer 11

The offspring of two plants or animals of different species or varieties

Question 12

Monogenic

Answer 12

Controlled by a gene.

Question 13

Cetromere

Answer 13

The point on the chromosome where 2 chromatids are joined together.

Question 14

Chromatid

Answer 14

One of the strands of a chromosome following replication

Question 15

Sex linked

Answer 15

Genes present in the sex chromosome.

Question 16

Autosomal

Answer 16

Any chromosome that’s not a sex chromosome.

Question 17

Mitosis

Answer 17

Type of cell division that produces 2 daughter cells identical to the parent cell.

Question 18

Meiosis

Answer 18

Type of cell division that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes of parent cells.

Question 19

Haploid

Answer 19

A single set of unpaired chromosomes.

Question 20

Diploid

Answer 20

Containing 2 complete sets of chromosomes, 1 from each parent.

Question 21

Helicase

Answer 21

An enzyme that speeds up reaction.