PATH: Neoplasia III/IV

Question 1

What is the difference between a complete carcinogen, incomplete carcinogen, and a procarcinogen?

Answer 1

Complete carcinogens can act as initiators and promoters, incomplete can only act as initiators, and procarcinogens are ingested and converted into active carcinogens through metabolic activity

Question 2

What is the exception to the rule that malignant cancers do not arise from benign tumors?

Answer 2

Colonic adenoma/adenocarcinoma

Question 3

What are paraneoplastic syndromes?

Answer 3

Malignant tumors with unexpected production of a protein or substance that is not normally produced by the cells of the tissue from which the tumor originated

Question 4

What method is considered the gold standard for diagnosing a tumor? The second best?

Answer 4

Tissue biopsy with H&E staining; Cytology Fine needle aspiration

Question 5

What are the four methods of obtaining a tissue biopsy?

Answer 5

Fine needle aspiration, core biopsy, incisional biopsy, excisional biopsy

Question 6

With what types of cancer may serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen be increased?

Answer 6

Colorectal, pancreatic, liver, and gastric cancers