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Health And Human Development > Chapter 10- Australian and international aid agencies PART ONE > Flashcards

Chapter 10- Australian and international aid agencies PART ONE Flashcards

1
Q

Define epidemic

A

When the rate of disease significantly exceeds what is expected based on recent trends

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2
Q

Define microfinance

A

small, low-cost financial services for poor people that involve low-interest loans to develop small businesses

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3
Q

Define Non-government organisations (NGO)

A

legally constituted organisations without participation or representation of any government

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4
Q

Define chronic disease

A

A persistant and lasting medical condition

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5
Q

Define International health regulations

A

legally binding health regulations that provide countries with a set of rules they can follow in the event of a disease outbreak

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6
Q

What is the point where all three areas; Human development, Sustainability, and Health, overlap?

A

Sustainable Human Development

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7
Q

What does sustainable human development refer to?

A

Sustainable human development refers to current and future generations achieving their full potential and leading healthy, creative and productive lives in accordance with their needs and interests. It also enables current and future generations to participate in the lives of their communities and influence the decisions that affect their lives

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8
Q

What is global health concerned with?

A

Global health is concerned with the health of populations and extends beyond the individual. It is about an international collaborative approach that seeks to achieve equity for all people worldwide

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9
Q

Does Australia provide Aid to other countries?

A

Yes, like most other developed countries, Australia provides aid to developing countries.

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10
Q

What is Aid?

A

Aid can be described as assistance given to countries or communities in the event of a crisis or for the development of long-term sustainable improvements

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11
Q

What are the 4 main types of Aid?

A
  • Emergency/humanitarian aid
  • Bilateral aid
  • Multilateral aid
  • Non-government organisation (NGO) aid
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12
Q

What is Emergency aid?

A

Emergency aid (Humanitarian aid) is the rapid assistance given to people or countries in immediate distress to relieve suffering during and after man-made emergencies such as wars, and natural disasters such as floods, tsunamis or earthquakes. It is designed to be short term and is usually needed to keep people alive

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13
Q

What does Emergency aid involve ? Give examples.

A

Emergency aid may take the form of the provision of food, medicines or shelter, or it could involve personnel, such as health workers, doctors or emergency workers from other countries or aid organisations.

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14
Q

What is the aim of emergency aid?

A

The aim of this type of aid is to respond quickly and effectively to address the needs of the affected communities. Emergency aid does not address the underlying causes of poverty.

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15
Q

How does Emergency aid assist in achieving global health? Provide an example.

A

In times of emergencies, Australia works collaboratively with other countries and agencies to assist communities to rebuild their environments including houses and infrastructure, so there is sufficient access to food, clean water, medical treatment and sanitation.

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16
Q

What is Bilateral Aid?

A

Bilateral aid is the provision of aid from the government of one country to the government of another country. Donating countries work with the governments of the receiving country to ensure that the implemented programs meet the needs of the country and its people

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17
Q

What type of programs does bilateral aid provide to receiving countries?

A

The programs may range from small, community-based projects, such as immunisation programs, to large regional development schemes, such as the provision of a water treatment plant and other infrastructure projects.

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18
Q

What type of criticism does the Bilateral Aid approach attract?

A

attracts criticism as the goods and services may be provided by companies from the donating country, thereby favouring the economy of that country

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19
Q

What is one example of Bilateral Aid?

A

The Australian Government provides funding for the government of Papua New Guinea to provide prevention, treatment, counselling and education programs in relation to HIV/AIDS

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20
Q

What is Multilateral Aid?

A

Multilateral Aid is where aid is provided through an international organisation such as the World Bank, United Nations or World Health Organisation. Multilateral aid combines donations from a number of countries and then distributes them to recipients.

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21
Q

What is Multilateral Aid used for?

A

This aid is for large-scale projects, which include emergency relief and funding for transnational issues, such as global warming and control of disease, and major infrastructure projects, such as the building of roads.

22
Q

How does Multilateral Aid contribute to Global Health?

A

Multilateral Aid contributes to the achievement of global health as it tends to be used to address health issues that impact at a global level

23
Q

What is a non-government organisation?

A

A type of non-for-profit organisation that works to promote health and human development while operating separately from the national government.

24
Q

What type of aid do NGO’s provide?

A

The aid of NGO’s is usually focused on meeting basic health needs, community development and participation, and emergency or humanitarian assistance.

25
Q

What is an example of non-governmental organisation aid?

A

The Red Cross (one of largest humanitarian orgs), usually provides aid directly to people running development projects, helps in areas that Bilateral aid does not reach and aims to achieve equity in health for people in all countries.

26
Q

How do NGO’s work?

A

NGO’s often work in collaboration with government or local aid agencies in recipient countries and work to improve the conditions that underpin human development and directly enhance human abilities.

27
Q

Name 4 NGO’s

A

Red Cross, World Vision, CARE Australia and Oxfam

28
Q

Do Begining of 10.3 (before gov aid priorities)

A

….. do it

29
Q

What are the six Australian government aid priorities (BEIGE A)

A
  • Building resilience: humanitarian assistance, disaster risk reduction and social protection
  • Education and health
  • Infrastructure, trade facilitation and international competitiveness
  • Gender equality and empowering women and girls
  • Effective governance: policies, institutions and functioning economies
  • Agriculture, fisheries and water
30
Q

What is the Education and Health priority about?

A

Focuses on equitable, accessible and affordable health systems so everyone can achieve better health and live healthy and productively lives. Also acts to reduce and eradicate the double burden of disease and promote the ability of adults to work due to greater health. By increasing education and levels of work, the priotiy allows individuals to contribute to the countries economy in the future, and increases the likelihood of their children and future generations accessing education and schooling.

31
Q

How does the Australian government implement the Education and Health priority?

A
  • Contributes to the Global Fund to Fight AIDS
  • Provides funding for programs to assist malaria-affected countries in the Asia Pacific
  • Contributes funds to assist children in Afghanistan attend school
  • Helps children in Indonesia to attend school by building schools
32
Q

What is the Gender equality and empowering women and girls priority about?

A

Focuses on giving women and girls the same opportunities as men and boys in terms of education, employment and making decisions about their lives. It acts to empower women and girls to result in higher average incomes, greater levels of education and healthier families, and helps to create opportunities for sustainable human development and global health outcomes.

33
Q

How does the Australian government implement the Gender equality and empowering women and girls priority?

A
  • Australia helps female survivors of violence access critical advice in countries and regions including Nepal, Fiji, and Sub-Saharan Africa
  • The Australia-Pacific Women Parliamentarians Partnership Program helps address low levels of women’s representation in Pacific politics
  • Australia is a strong supporter of UN Women
34
Q

What is the Effective governance policies, institutions and functioning economies priority about?

A

Focuses on ensuring governments are stable, productive, effective and well-functioning in order for them to promote health and human development, create foundations for economic growth & trade, and maintain law and order among citizens in a peaceful and fair manner. It also works to encourage the governments to contribute to global efforts to achieve equality, create the conditions for improved human development and assist in reducing global health issues.

35
Q

How does the Australian government implement the Effective governance policies, institutions and functioning economies priority?

A
  • provided advice to governments of developing countries on financial management and the establishment of institutions such as health systems, police forces and legal systems
  • Helped countries to improve budget processes, allowing them to meet debt obligations and increased revenue
36
Q

What is the Building resilience: humanitarian assistance, disaster risk reduction and social protection priority about?

A

Focuses on providing humanitarian assistance where lives are at risk caused by disasters such as earthquakes, bushfires, tsunamis, conflicts and chemical spills. It acts to save lives, alleviate suffering and maintain human dignity during and in the aftermath of humanitarian crisis, while encouraging the development of resilience by the implement of effective planning and risk management strategies​.

37
Q

How does the Australian government implement the Building resilience: humanitarian assistance disaster risk reduction and social protection priority?

A
  • Providing funds to non-government organisations, such as the Red Cross, which provide humanitarian assistance during times of crises
  • Providing food, shelter, water, sanitation and medical care in response to the ongoing humanitarian crisis where people are displaced by conflict
  • Sending staff to affected areas to provide immediate support.
38
Q

What is the Agriculture, fisheries and water priority about?

A

Focuses on enhancing food, nutrition and water security by strengthening markets & encouraging investment, innovating for productivity and sustainable resource use and promoting effective policy, governance and reform through inclusive growth and open trade. Encourages the provision of employment and income, and helps to improve economic development, agricultural and water management and gender inequality.

39
Q

How does the Australian government implement the Agriculture, fisheries and water priority?

A
  • In Cambodia, Australia is assisting with the efficient use of irrigation water by working with government and non-government partners
  • Works with the Pacific Horticultural and Agricultural Market Access program to improve economic growth and livelihoods by increasing horticultural and agricultural exports to international markets
40
Q

When was the united nations established and how many member states (countries) does it have?

A

The United Nations was established in 1945 and has over 190 member states (countries) worldwide. In order to be a member, countries must accept the United Nations Charter (a treaty).

41
Q

How many agencies and organisations are within the UN?

A

9

42
Q

What are the 9 agencies and organisations within the UN?

A
  • United Nations Security Council
  • World Health Organisation
  • United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
  • United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
  • United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC)
  • World Bank
  • World Food Programme
  • UN Women (UNIFEM)
  • UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
43
Q

What is the World Health Organisation?

A

The principal health organisation within the United Nations system.

44
Q

What is the United Nations Security Council?

A

Has primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security. The Security Council plays a lead role in determining the existence of a threat to peace or act of aggression. It calls upon the parties involved in a dispute to settle it by peaceful means and recommends actions to encourage peaceful solution. In some cases the Security Council can impose sanctions or even authorise the use of force to maintain or restore international peace and security.

45
Q

What is the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)?

A

Aims to uphold the rights of children worldwide by working to promote education, prevent HIV among children, eliminate child labour and child abuse, and provide immunisation

46
Q

What is the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)?

A

Works to promote the achievement of the Sustainability Goals and to promote economic and social development, including human rights and education.

47
Q

What is the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC)?

A

Strengthens and protects human rights around the globe and addresses situations of human rights violations by making relevant recommendations such as economic sanctions and mediation

48
Q

What is the World Bank?

A

Provides loans and expert economic advice to developing countries to assist with economic development

49
Q

What is the World Food Programme?

A

Works to eliminate world hunger by providing emergency food aid and by promoting sustainable food security in developing countries

50
Q

What is the UN Women (UNIFEM)?

A

Works to eliminate discrimination against women and girls and to empower women

51
Q

What is the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)?

A

Focuses on promoting the health and development of those who are displaced in foreign countries

Health And Human Development (9 decks)

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