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Head and Face Pain > Head and Face Pain Introduction > Flashcards

Head and Face Pain Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What are the factors affecting the perception of pain?

A
  1. Arousal - the reticular activating system
  2. Attention/Distraction - Frontal and Pariental Lobes of the R Hemisphere and the B.G./Midbrain
  3. Prior Experience - Temporal Lobe/Limbic
  4. Culture - Poor baby vs. suck it up
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2
Q

What are the two broad level classifications of pain?

A
  1. Physiological or Peripheral

2. Pathological or Central

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3
Q

What is the physiological or peripheral classification of pain?

A

Pain as a result of activation of peripheral nociceptors

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4
Q

What is the pathological or central classification of pain?

A

Pain as a result of functional changes within the CNS (Spinal Cord and Brain)

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5
Q

Define Allodynia

A

Non-noxious stimuli that induces pain

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6
Q

Define Hyperalgesia

A

Noxious stimuli that accentuates pain

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7
Q

Define Coping

A

Cognitive/limbic ability to deal with suffering

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8
Q

Define Catastrophizing

A

Downward spiral of suffering

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9
Q

What causes Nociception?

A
  1. Tissue Damage
  2. Infection
  3. Metabolic
  4. Nerve Compression
  5. CNS Plasticity
  6. Other
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10
Q

What types of tissue damage can cause nociception?

A

Trauma, inflammation, hypoxia, ischemia

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11
Q

What can pain cause?

A
  1. Sympathetic Activation
  2. Limbic Responses
  3. Motor Responses
  4. Cognitive Changes
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12
Q

What are the effects of pain induced sympathetic activation?

A

Increased IML activity

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13
Q

What are the effects of pain induced limbic responses?

A

Emotions, activation of the cingulate gyrus, amygdala, and/or autonomics

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14
Q

What are the effects of pain induced motor responses?

A

Antalgia, posturing, and balance changes

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15
Q

What are the effects of pain induced cognitive changes?

A

Focus, concentration, executive function, and others

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16
Q

Define Analgesia

A

Absence of pain in response to stimulation which would normally be painful

17
Q

Define Dysesthesia

A

An unpleasant abnormal sensation, whether spontaneous or evoked

18
Q

Define Paresthesia

A

An abnormal sensation, whenever spontaneous or evoked

19
Q

Define Hyperesthesia

A

Increased sensitivity to stimulation, excluding the special senses

20
Q

Define Hyperpathia

A

A painful syndrome characterized by an abnormally painful reaction to a stimulus, especially a repetitive stimulus, as well as an increased threshold

21
Q

Define Hypoalgesia

A

Diminished pain in response to a normal painful stimulus

22
Q

Define Hypesthesia

A

Decreased sensitivity to stimulation, excluding the special senses

23
Q

What is the Melzack-Wall Pain Gate Theory with no input?

Closed

A

No input - inhibitory neuron prevents the projection neuron from sending signals to the brain.

24
Q

What is the Melzack-Wall Pain Gate Theory with Normal Somatosensory input?
(Closed)

A

More LDA stimulation - both the inhibitory neuron and projection neuron are stimulated, but the inhibitory neuron prevents the projection neuron from sending signals to the brain

25
Q

What is the Melzack-Wall Pain Gate Theory with Nociception?

Open

A

More SDA or only SDA stim, inactivates the inhibitory neuron, and the projection neuron sends signals to the brain informing it of pain.

26
Q

What are the 3 factors of gate theory?

A
  1. SDA - opens the gate
  2. LDA - closes the gate
  3. Messages from the brain - modulation
27
Q

How can messages from the brain modulate the pain gate?

A

Concentrating on the pain VS trying not to think about it

28
Q

What physical conditions open the pain gate?

A

Extent of Injury

Inappropriate activity level

29
Q

What emotional conditions open the pain gate?

A

Anxiety or Worry
Tension
Depression

30
Q

What mental conditions open the pain gate?

A

Focusing on pain

Boredom

31
Q

What physical conditions close the pain gate?

A 
Medications
Counter stimulation (massage)
32
Q

What emotional conditions close the pain gate?

A

Positive emotions
Relaxation
Rest

33
Q

What mental conditions close the pain gate?

A

Intense concentration or distraction

Involvement & interest in life activities

Head and Face Pain (8 decks)

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