Chapter 1 Flashcards
The most common type of congenital abnormalities are related to the:
A. heart
B. central nervous system
C. gastrourinary system
D. gastrointestinal system
A. Heart
The most common cause of congenital cardiac disease is:
A. chromosomal abnormality
B. environmental factors
C. teratogenic factors
D. multifactoral
D. Multifactorial
All major organ systems are formed between the:
A. first and fourth weeks of development
B. fourth and eighth weeks of development
C. eighth and twelfth weeks of development
D. twelfth and sixteenth weeks of development
B. fourth and eighth weeks of development
Cardiovascular morphogenesis is controlled by all of the following mechanisms, except:
A. cell growth
B. cell migration
C. cell death
D. cell inversion
D. cell inversion
Of the six pairs of aortic arches that form during embryogenesis, which pair never fully develops?
A. third
B. fourth
C. fifth
D. sixth
C. fifth
Fetal gas exchange takes place in the:
A. placenta
B. liver
C. lungs
D. brain
A. placenta
All of the following in utero shunts alter fetal cardiac hemodynamics, except:
A. ductus venosus
B. foramen ovale
C. ductus arteriosus
D. foramen of Monroe
D. foramen of Monroe
The cardiac output of the fetal right ventricle is approximately:
A. 150 ml/kg fetal weight
B. 200 ml/kg fetal weight
C. 250 ml/kg fetal weight
D. 300 ml/kg fetal weight
D. 300 ml/kg fetal weight
Ventricular septal defects occur as a result of:
A. tissue migration abnormalities
B. abnormal intracardiac blood flow
C. cell death abnormalities
D. extracellular matrix abnormalities
A. tissue migration abnormalities
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome occurs as a result of:
A. tissue migration abnormalities
B. abnormal intracardiac blood flow
C. cell death abnormalities
D. extracellular matrix abnormalities
B. abnormal intracardiac blood flow
