Schizophrenia

Question 1

Onset is typically ____ in men compared to women

Answer 1

earlier (late teens/early 20s)

Question 2

___show a bimodal distribution of onset of schizophrenia with a peak in the late 20s and another peak in middle age

Answer 2

women

Question 3

Monozygotic twins have a ____ rate of concordant schizophrenia

Answer 3

50%

Question 4

Newborns with fathers > _____ years old have an increased risk of schizo

Answer 4

60

Question 5

There is evidence for too little dopamine in the ____ tract and too much in the _____ tract

Answer 5

mesocortical

mesolimbic

Question 6

Heavy ____ use in adolescence is associated with increased risk

Answer 6

marijuana

Question 7

Pathological findings include _____ ventricles and _____ cortical volume

Answer 7

enlarged

decreased

Question 8

Decreased cortical volume appears to be due to: ______ (neuronal loss/reduced density of axons, dendrites, synaptic connections)

Answer 8

reduced density of axons, dendrites, synapses

Question 9

Impaired _____ eye movements and _____ saccades are also seen

Answer 9

smooth pursuit

disinhibited

Question 10

To be classified as schizophrenia, symptoms must be present for at least ____ months

Answer 10

6

Question 11

Hallucinations are typically ____

Answer 11

auditory

Question 12

The classic presentation of hallucinations in schizos:

Answer 12

multiple voices speaking to each other, commenting on patient’s thoughts and surroundings

Question 13

____ are fixed false beliefs

Answer 13

delusions

Question 14

Capgras syndrome:

Answer 14

delusion that a familiar person has been replaced by an imposter

Question 15

Fregoli’s phenomenon:

Answer 15

delusion that persecutors or familiar people can assume the guise of strangers

Question 16

In _____, speech wanders but eventually returns to the original point

Answer 16

circumstantiality

Question 17

In ____, speech wanders and does not come back

Answer 17

tangentiality

Question 18

Presentations of catatonia

Answer 18

mutism
extreme psychomotor retardation
repetitive purposeless movement
waxy flexibility
posturing/rigidity
agitation

Question 19

A catotonic symptom associated with a medial emergency is _____

Answer 19

refusal to eat or drink

Question 20

Abulia

Answer 20

indifference, lack of impulses to act or think

Question 21

alogia

Answer 21

poverty of speech

Question 22

avolition

Answer 22

lack of motivation

Question 23

anhedonia

Answer 23

lack of enjoyment

Question 24

acathexis

Answer 24

lack of appropriate emotional responses

Question 25

_____ symptoms are the best predictor of function in schizos

Answer 25

cognitive

Question 26

____ skills are often relatively spared as compared to other areas of cognition, leading to ____ of cognitive function

Answer 26

verbal/vocab

overestimation

Question 27

There is typically _____ arm swinging while walking in schizos

Answer 27

decreaed

Question 28

The ____ stage is key for early detection and treatment of schizo, leading to better outcomes if caught.

Answer 28

prodromal

Question 29

The longer symptoms are untreated or inadequately treated, the ____ the time to remission, ____ residual symptoms, and ____ long term prognosis

Answer 29

longer
more
worse

Question 30

downward drift hypothesis:

Answer 30

individuals with schizo enter into a lower socioeconomic group as a direct result of the illness

Question 31

One prominent finding in schizos is _____, or lack of insight

Answer 31

anosognosia

Question 32

Anosognosia is due to an abnormality within the brain’s ____ and ____ lobes

Answer 32

frontal, parietal

Question 33

Schizo treatments typically help with ____ symptoms, but generally don’t improve ____ symptoms as much

Answer 33

positive

negative

Question 34

_____ is the most common first gen anti-psychotic used

Answer 34

haldol (haloperidol)

Question 35

Extrapyramidal side effects of 1st gen anti-psychotic meds include

Answer 35

dystonia, akathisia, bradykinesia, and tardive dyskinesia

Question 36

akathisia

Answer 36

restlessness

Question 37

_____ ____ ____ syndrome is a side effect of 1st gen anti-psychotics and is characterized by rigidity, myoglobinuria, autonomic instability, and hyperpyrexia

Answer 37

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Question 38

medical emergency as a result of some 1st gen anti-pyschotics

Answer 38

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Question 39

tardive dyskinesia

Answer 39

stereotypic oral/facial movements as a result of long term anti-psychotic use

Question 40

_____ is the most effective 2nd gen anti-psychotic, but there are some bad side effects associated with it

Answer 40

clozapine

Question 41

Side effects of clozapine

Answer 41

neutorpenia/agranulocytosis; seizure

Question 42

weight gain may be seen with use of _____ or ______

Answer 42

olanzapine, clozapine

Question 43

____ carries a risk of hyperprolactinemia

Answer 43

risperidone

Question 44

2nd gen anti-psychos may prolong the _____ interval

Answer 44

QT

Question 45

Psychotherapy has been shown to be most helpful as regards to _____ therapy

Answer 45

family

Question 46

belief that people with severe mental illness decompensate in response to stressors and can function better if stressors are proactively addressed

Answer 46

assertive community treatment