Unit2_CNS Injury/Strokes Flashcards
Hemorrhages in the central nervous system are classified by what?
The anatomical area in which the
hemorrhage occurs.
_______ hemorrhage occurs between the skull and the dura, typically from an artery, especially the
middle meningeal artery. These collect in a convex, or lemon/lens shaped hematoma.
Epidural
_______ hemorrhage occurs between the dura and the thin arachnoid layer covering the brain,
typically from a torn or ruptured bridging vein between the dura and the cortex. This layers like a
banana (i.e. concave).
Subdural
_________ hemorrhages occur right next to the brain, underneath the arachnoid layer. Trauma
is the most common cause, but everyone is more concerned with the spontaneous (i.e. non-traumatic)
version from aneurysms, AVM, or other causes. An unusual occurrence, Cortical Subarachnoid
Hemorrhage (cSAH) can show up with vasospasm, migraine, ischemia or without obvious cause.
Subarachnoid
________ hemorrhages are formed blood clots, which dissect into the brain. These can be
anywhere, and have many causes.
Intra-parenchymal
___________ Hemorrhage, Any Hemorrhage can find it’s way into the Ventricular system. Rarely,
intraventricular hemorrhage can occur in isolation (without hemorrhage in any other compartment)
Intra Ventricular
___________ transformation of ischemic stroke beds occurs mostly with large vessel cortical
strokes. This can be asymptomatic if mild ‘bruising’ or fatal if a large formed hematoma.
Hemorrhagic .
Hemorrhage into Tumor can also occur and mimic other hemorrhagic conditions.
Banana ~ w/
Subdural Hemorrage
What are the other causes of hemorrhage?
Coagulation Disorder Aneurysm, AVM, etc Trauma, unrecognized Hypertension from Drug/Disease/Pregnancy Venous Iatrogenic Tumor, Stroke, Cyst CNS Vasculitis
Which type of hemorrhage is often due to hypertension and age?
Intraparenchymal Hemorrhages
Which type of hemorrhage is often occurs in the Basal Ganglia (putamen) thalamus, pons, cerebellar deep gray matter?
Intraparenchymal Hemorrhages
“lobar hemorrhage” occur where?
deep white matter
In one specific entity, Amyloid Angiopathy, patients get recurrent lobar hemorrhages that lead to progressive dementia and disability. These lobar hemorrhages can be curiously well tolerated in many. Amyloid deposition is found in the vessels (intramural). This disorder is different from systemic amyloidosis or to
Alzheimer’s amyloid plaques, but can sometimes be found in conjunction with Alzheimer’s Disease.
This is ~w/ what type of hemorrhage?
Intraparenchymal Hemorrhages
The _______ veins in the subdural space tear easily, especially in elderly patients with more brain atrophy and this causes a lower pressure,
bridging veins
What are the non-modifiable risk-factors for strokes?
- Age
- Gender
- Race
- Family History
