Midterm Bold Words

Question 1

Positive Nervousness

Answer 1

controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for his presentation

Question 2

Critical Thinking

Answer 2

focused, organized thinking about such things as the logical relationships among idea, the soundness of evidence, and the differences between fact and opinion

Question 3

Frame of Reference

Answer 3

the sum of a person’s knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes

Question 4

Situation

Answer 4

the time and place in which speech communication occurs

Question 5

Ethnocentrism

Answer 5

the belief that one’s own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures

Question 6

Name-Calling

Answer 6

the use of language to defame, demean, or degrade individuals or groups

Question 7

Hearing

Answer 7

the vibration of sound waves on the eardrums and the firing of electrochemical impulses in the brain

Question 8

Listening

Answer 8

paying close attention to, and making sense of, what we hear

Question 9

Spare “Brain Time”

Answer 9

the difference between the rate at which most people talk (120 to 150 words a minute) and the rate at which the brain can process language (400 to 800 words a minute)

Question 10

Active Listening

Answer 10

giving undivided attention to a speaker in a genuine effort to understand the speaker’s point of view

Question 11

Key-word Outline

Answer 11

an outline that briefly notes a speaker’s main points and supporting evidence in rough outline form

Question 12

Brainstorming

Answer 12

a method of generating ideas for speech topics by free association of words and ideas

Question 13

General Purpose

Answer 13

broad goal of a speech

Question 14

Specific Purpose

Answer 14

a single infinitive phrase that state precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his speech

Question 15

Central Idea

Answer 15

a one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the major ideas of a speech

Question 16

Residual Message

Answer 16

what a speaker wants the audience to remember after it has forgotten everything else in a speech

Question 17

Audience-Centeredness

Answer 17

keeping the audience foremost in mind

Question 18

Identification

Answer 18

a process in which speakers seek to create a bond with the audience by emphasizing common values, goals, and experiences

Question 19

Egocentrism

Answer 19

the tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs, and well-being

Question 20

Demographic Audience Analysis

Answer 20

audience analysis that focuses on demographic factors such as age, gender, religion, sexual orientation, group membership, and racial, ethnic, or cultural background

Question 21

Stereotyping

Answer 21

creating an oversimplified image of a particular group of people, usually by assuming that all members of the group are alike

Question 22

Situational Audience Analysis

Answer 22

audience analysis that focuses on situational factors such as the size of the audience, the physical setting for the speech, and the disposition of the audience toward the topic, the speaker, and the occasion

Question 23

Fixed-Alternative Questions

Answer 23

two or more alternatives

Question 24

Scale Questions

Answer 24

fixed intervals along a scale of answers

Question 25

Open-Ended Questions

Answer 25

answer however

Question 26

Catalogue

Answer 26

a listing of books, periodicals, and other resources owned by a library

Question 27

Call Number

Answer 27

a number used in libraries to classify books and periodicals and to indicate where they can be found on the shelves

Question 28

Reference Work

Answer 28

a work that synthesizes a large amount of related information for easy access by researchers

Question 29

Newspaper and Periodical Database

Answer 29

a research aid that catalogues articles from a large number of magazines, journals, and newspapers

Question 30

Abstract

Answer 30

a summary of a magazine or journal article, written by someone other than the original author

Question 31

Academic Database

Answer 31

a database that catalogues articles from scholarly journals

Question 32

Virtual Library

Answer 32

a search engine that combines internet technology with traditional library methods of cataloguing and assessing data

Question 33

Preliminary Bibliography

Answer 33

early list of possible works

Question 34

Peer Testimony

Answer 34

testimony from ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight on a topic

Question 35

Strategic organization

Answer 35

putting a speech together to get a particular result

Question 36

connective

Answer 36

a word or phrase that connects the ideas of a speech and indicates the relationship between them

Question 37

transition

Answer 37

a word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another

Question 38

Visual framework

Answer 38

the pattern of symbolization and indentation in a speech outline that shows the relationships among the speaker’s ideas

Question 39

Object

Answer 39

anything that is visible, tangible, and stable in form

Question 40

Personalize

Answer 40

to present one’s ideas in human terms that relate in some fashion to the experience of the audience