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AVS > Section 1 > Flashcards

Section 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Name a few ways animals benefit humans.

A

Food, fuel, shelter, recreation, pharmaceutical etc…

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2
Q

What is the definition of domestication of animals?

A

Bringing wild animals under the control of humans and eventually improve the species by selection, mating, and handling.

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3
Q

What is the goal of domesticating animals?

A

Provide improved products and services for humans

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4
Q

What species did the dog come from?

A

Wolf

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5
Q

Advantages of dogs

A

Hunting, work, protection, company

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6
Q

Scientific name of sheep

A

Ovis Aries

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7
Q

What climate are goats most effective at?

A

Hot climates

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8
Q

Scientific name of pig

A

Sus scrofa domesticus

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9
Q

About how many years ago were pigs domesticated and from what species

A

8000-9000 European wild pig

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10
Q

How much of an animal is used in slaughter?

A

All of it

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11
Q

What were cattle derived from?

A

Bos primigenius

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12
Q

Where did Bos primigenius originate and where was the last one killed?

A

Originated in: Europe

Killed: Poland

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13
Q

What are the two different species of cattle

A

Bos indicus

Bos Taurus

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14
Q

Where did Bos indicus originate?

A

India

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15
Q

Describe a Bos indicus

A

Hump/big ears and loose skin

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16
Q

Where would you find Bos indicus in the us

A

Mainly in the southwest

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17
Q

Where would one find Bos Taurus In us

A

Northwestern area

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18
Q

What is the scientific name of a horse

A

Equus caballus

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19
Q

Why was a horse not domesticated first

A

Harder to catch

???

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20
Q

Scientific name of a chicken

A

Gallus domesticus

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21
Q

How many years ago were chickens domesticated

And from what

A

7500-8000 years ago from jungle fowl

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22
Q

When were aquaculture domesticated

A

They weren’t domesticated they were farmed

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23
Q

What is the definition of agriculture

A

Utilization of biological processes to produce food, fiber and other products useful for humans

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24
Q

What’s another name for the land grant college act of 1862

A

The morrill act

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25
Q

Who sponsored the morrill act?

A

Justin smith morrill

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26
Q

What did the morrill act propose

A

That federal owned land be sold and the proceeds used to establish at least one college in each state

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27
Q

When was the morrill act passed

A

1862

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28
Q

What is the morrill act Based on

A

The northwest ordinance passed in 1787 authorizing sale of public lands for support of education

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29
Q

How many acres donated to each state

A

30,000 acres (for each member of congress donated to each state

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30
Q

What is the morrill act to be used for

A

For the endowment, support, and maintenance of at least one college

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31
Q

What was the morrill act designed for

A

To provide access to the common person

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32
Q

What is the hatch act of 1887

A

Federal funding to establish agricultural experiment stations for research

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33
Q

What did the smith lever act of 1914 provide

A

For the cooperative extension system (4-h)

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34
Q

What did the smith Hughes act of 1917 do

A

vocational training in high school

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35
Q

What is the big picture on the us food expenditures

A

It compares low to the rest of the world

Inexpensive foot supply

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36
Q

Ya food intake patterns

A

Went from satity foods to fatty foods.

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37
Q

How have animal products contributed to human nutrition?

A

People choose food based on cultural products that are highly desirable

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38
Q

The us is considered a society on the run because …

A

People east fast food and always trying to make things faster

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39
Q

Is the current global food supply adequate for all?

A

Yes but 800 million are inadequately fed due to inequitable distribution

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40
Q

Name 3 human inedible materials for animal production

A

Forage
Crop residue
Food and fiber processing by products

41
Q

Name two types of feed for animal production that are edible for humans

A

Cereal grain

Some oil seed meals

42
Q

How much will global food demand increase by due to population and middle class growth

A

100%

43
Q

Where will 70% of global food come from?

A

The continued use of safe, efficacious technology to increase population

44
Q

What will be required across the entire global food chain to keep people fed

A

Close collaboration

45
Q

Has modern agriculture become more green?

A

Overall yes
Growth products help
Mortality rate is down
100% use of product

46
Q

Has efficiency in agriculture improved give an example

A

Yes.

It takes less dairy cows to produce enough milk

47
Q

Definition of breed

A

Selecting animals that look like eachother to pass traits uniformly to offspring

48
Q

Def of pedigree

A

Record of an individuals ancestry

49
Q

What is the most registered breed of cattle

A

Angus

50
Q

What is the least registered breed

A

Santa gertrudis

51
Q

What is intramuscular fat

A

Fat within the muscle

52
Q

What is intermuscular fat?

A

Fat around the muscle

53
Q

Herefords are described as…

A

Hardy, good disposition

54
Q

Charolais is a ____________________ ______________________

Breed

A

Continental European (France)

55
Q

Why are Charolais used as a terminal sire

A

Because heavy muscled/fast growth

56
Q

Simmental originated from…

A

Switzerland Germany France

57
Q

Simmental are considered a _______ ________________ breed

A

Dual purpose

58
Q

Gestation period of a cow

A

283 days

59
Q

How long between calving to weaning for calves

A

6-8 monthsv205 days?

60
Q

What age and about what weight is ideal for market beef?

A

1300 lbs 18 months

61
Q

Compared to dairy, beef produce how much milk

A

Mod. To low

62
Q

Compared to beef who have 70+, how many breeds of dairy

A

1-5

63
Q

Is crossbreeding common in dairy cows

A

No not at all

64
Q

What dairy cow on average produces the most milk

A

Holstein from holland

21,000

65
Q

What dairy cow produces the least amount of milk

A

Jersey from jersey isle

14,000

66
Q

What is negative energy balance?

A

Can’t eat enough to offset what they put into their milk during lactation

67
Q

What is the most common Bos indicus influenced breed

A

Brahman which creates other breeds

68
Q

Advantage/disadvantage of Brahman

A

Advantage:
Heat tolerant
Insect resistant
Foot root resistant

Disadvantage:
No marble in intramuscular fat

69
Q

How long are cattle in a packer

A

Less than 24 hours because then feed industry has to feed them.
3-7 days at most

70
Q

What genetic trait does a dairy focus on? Beef industry?

A

Dairy:
Milk production

Beef:
Multiple (carcass, docility, weaning weight)

71
Q

Brown Swiss have high milk _____, but low milk ________________

A

Fat, production

72
Q

What is advantage of jersey dairy cow

A

Milk fat %

Good for ice cream

73
Q

When should you rebates a cow

A

80 days or that first dotted line on chart

74
Q

When is a females Highest feed requirement and why

A

Lactation because that is when the calf rapidly grows

75
Q

When does the fetus/cow grow the fastest?

A

3 trimester

76
Q

What describes how much an animal eats!

A

Dry matter intake

77
Q

Why are dairy cows usually a i Ed

A

Because dairy Bulls are mean

78
Q

When do heifers start breeding

A

15 months to calve at 2 years

They try to get heifer to weigh 65% of her mature body weight before breeding

79
Q

What is the estrus cycle?

A

?

80
Q

What is the brief part of the estrous cycle that lasts only 24 hours

A

Estrus =heat

81
Q

Difference of estrus and estrous

A

Estrus=heat

Estrous=the whole cycle?

82
Q

What is the biggest management concern for breeding cows

A

Heat detection

83
Q

A cow should calf every ____ months (dairy) (beef)

A

Dairy: 13
Beef: 12

84
Q

What is colostrum

A

Antibodies in first milk to calf to help boost immune system. Gets rid of foreign bodies in blood stream

85
Q

What is another name for antibodies?

A

Immunoglobulins= protein

86
Q

How long are calves fed milk that is not salable

A

6-8 weeks

87
Q

Why are calves introduced to dry feed early

A

To stimulate rumen function and reduce costs

88
Q

Why are calves raised seperatley

A

To reduce disease and competition for feed

89
Q

Calves need colostrum within the first _______ hours

A

24 hours but 3 hours is best because that way their stomachs have not developed and will allow calf to absorb it more

90
Q

What is the average birth weight of calves

A

75lbs

91
Q

Why does birth weight differ in sheep

A
  • breed

- # of lambs born

92
Q

In sheep you want how many lambs

A

2 because (twins) 2 tests

93
Q

What is a lambs average birth weight

A

10 lbs

94
Q

What age are sheep at first lambing

A

1 compared to cow which is 2

95
Q

What is the gestation period of a sheep

A

147 days

96
Q

What is a seasonal breeders

A

Only breed half the year

97
Q

What does seasonal anestrous mean

A

Times where sheep are not cycling

98
Q

What is a short day breeder and give exp.

A

They start to cycle when days start to getting shorter.

Sheep

AVS (26 decks)

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