Chapter 1 - Structure, Bonding, Hybridization

Question 1

Ionic Compound

Answer 1

Elements achieve an octet configuration by gaining or losing electrons. Ions form when an electron is gained or lost from a neutral atom. Ions are held together by electrostatic attraction.

Question 2

Ionic Bond

Answer 2

Ions are held together by an electrostatic attraction.

Question 3

Covalent Bond

Answer 3

Bond formed by sharing electrons between atoms.

Question 4

Coavlent Molecule

Answer 4

Neutral collection of atoms held together by covalent bonds.

Question 5

Lewis Structures

Answer 5

Electron-Dot Structures

Valence shell electrons of an atom are represented as dots. Dots represent covalent bonds.

Question 6

Kekule Structures

Answer 6

Line-Bond Structures

Two-electron covalent bond is represented by a line.

Question 7

Lone-Pair Electrons

Answer 7

Valence-shell electron pairs not used for bonding.

Question 8

Valence Bond Theory

Answer 8

Bonding theory that describes a covalent bond as resulting from the overlap of two atomic orbitals. Electrons are paired in overlapping orbitals and are attracted to nuclei of both atoms, thus bonding the two atoms together.

Question 9

Sigma Bond

Answer 9

Bond formed by a head-on overlap of two atomic orbitals along a line drawn between the nuclei.

Question 10

sp3 Hybrid Orbitals

Answer 10

A hybrid orbital derived from the combination of an s atomic orbital with three p atomic orbitals. Form equivalent atomic orbitals with a tetrahedral orientation.

Question 11

Bond Angle

Answer 11

The angle formed between two adjacent bonds.

Question 12

Approximate Tetrahedral Bond Angle

Answer 12

109.5 Degrees

Question 13

Approximate Planar Bond Angle

Answer 13

120 Degrees

Question 14

sp2 Hybrid Orbitals

Answer 14

A hybrid orbital derived by combination of an s atomic orbital with two 2p atomic orbitals. One p orbital remains non-hybridized.

Question 15

Bond Strength (Single vs. Double)

Answer 15

Carbon-carbon double bond is shorter and stronger than carbon-carbon single bond.

Question 16

Approximate Linear Bond Angle

Answer 16

180 Degrees

Question 17

sp Hybrid Orbital

Answer 17

A hybrid orbital derived from the combination of one s and one p atomic orbital. The two sp hybrids are separated by and angle of 180 degrees. 2 2p orbitals remain non-hybridized.

Question 18

Thiols

Answer 18

Have a sulfur atom bonded to one hydrogen and one carbon

Question 19

Sulfides

Answer 19

Have a sulfur atom bonded to two carbons.