Mr. Hozey is Crazy!

Question 1

. By the 1910s, reformers from Republican and Democratic Parties were calling themselves ______________

Answer 1

Progressives;

Question 2

in 1912 _____________ formed their own party. Historians have used the term Progressivism to refer to the era’s spirit, while disagreeing over its meaning and over which groups and individuals actually were Progressive.

Answer 2

Progressives

Question 3

Three goals of Progressive reforms

Answer 3

1. wanted to end abuses of power.
2. wished to supplant corrupt power with
   humane institutions, such as schools, courts, and medical clinics
3. to establish bureaus of experts who would end wasteful competition and promote social and economic order.

Question 4

ending abuse of power, protecting the

welfare of all classes, reforming social institutions, and promoting bureaucratic and scientific efficiency—

Answer 4

Progressive goals—

Question 5

___________ - (after a character in the Puritan allegory Pilgrim’s Progress, who, rather than looking heavenward at beauty, looked downward and raked the muck)

Answer 5

muckrakers

Question 6

fed public tastes for scandal by exposing social, economic, and political
wrongs.

Answer 6

Muck-

rakers

Question 7

included Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle (1906), exposing outrages of the meatpacking
industry; and Ida M. Tarbell’s disparaging history of Standard Oil (first published in
McClure’s, 1902–1904).

Answer 7

muckraking works

Question 8

founder of a Boston department store,

Answer 8

E. A. Filene,

Question 9

the largest women’s organization of its time.

Answer 9

Christian Temperance Union (WCTU),

Question 10

. , an influential boss in New York City’s

Tammany Hall political machine,

Answer 10

Big Tim Sullivan

Question 11

led by the Protestant ministers Walter Rauschenbusch, Washington
Gladden, and Charles Sheldon countered competitive capitalism by interjecting
Christian churches into worldly matters, such as arbitrating industrial harmony and
improving the environment of the poor.

Answer 11

Social Gospel,

Question 12

Politically, many socialists united behind , the American Railway
Union organizer who drew nearly 100,000 votes as the Socialist presidential candi-
date in 1900.

Answer 12

Eugene V. Debs

Question 13

–minded Russell Sage Foundation and
the business-oriented National Civic Foundation, took
up the cause.

Answer 13

the social reform

Question 14

: the direct primary originated in ____________;

Answer 14

North Carolina

Question 15

the city-commission plan arose in

Answer 15

Galveston,Texas;

Question 16

the city-manager plan began in

Answer 16

Staunton,Virginia.

Question 17

Defenders of _____________ opposed regulatory measures, believing government programs undermined the initiative and competition basic to a free-market system

Answer 17

free enterprise

Question 18

___________ ___________ in

northern cities kept blacks and whites apart in separate programs and buildings.

Answer 18

. Settlement houses

Question 19

. In the West,
California governor ___________ ____________ attacked business and political corruption and inspired state laws regulating utilities and child labor and initiating workers’ compensation for state employees.

Answer 19

Hiram Johnson

Question 20

Wisconsin’s Robert M. La Follette

Answer 20

was one of the most dynamic Progressive governors.

Question 21

A small-town lawyer, rose through the state Republican Party to become governor in 1900. There, he initiated direct primaries, more equitable taxes, and railroad regulation. After three terms as governor, he became a U.S. senator.

Answer 21

La Follette

Question 22

• provides for the direct election of U.S.senators, replacing election by state legislatures.

Answer 22

Seventeenth Amendment

Question 23

(ratified in 1919 and implemented in1920), outlawing the manufacture, sale, and transportation of intoxicating liquors..

Answer 23

Eighteenth Amendment

Question 24

_____________ of evolution challenged belief in a God-created world; immigration created complex social diversity; and technology made old production habits obsolete.

Answer 24

Darwin’s theory

Question 25

asserted that schools needed to prepare children for a modern world by making personal development the focus of the curriculum.

Answer 25

G. Stanley Hall and the philosopher John Dewey,

Question 26

stressed that learning should involve real-life problems and that children should be taught to use ingenuity to control their environments.

Answer 26

Dewey’s The School and Society (1899) and Democracy and Education (1916),

Question 27

Harvard University, pioneered new teaching methods and substituted electives for required courses.

Answer 27

President Charles W. Eliot,

Question 28

Separate women’s medical schools, such as the ______________, trained numerous female physicians,

Answer 28

Women’s Medical College of Philadelphia

Question 29

The Harvard law professor led the attack on the traditional view of law as universal and unchanging.

Answer 29

Roscoe Pound and Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., associate justice of the Supreme Court between 1902 and 1932,

Question 30

, a lawyer who later joined Holmes on the Supreme Court, insisted that
judges’ opinions be based on scientifically gathered information about social
realities.

Answer 30

. Louis D.Brandeis

Question 31

in1905 the Supreme Court, in ____________________, revoked a New York law limiting bakers’ working hours
.

Answer 31

Lochner v. New York

Question 32

protected an individual’s right to make contracts without government interference.

Answer 32

Fourteenth Amendment

Question 33

the SupremeCourt sustained a Utah law regulating miners’ working hours, confirmed the use of state police power to protect health, safety, and morals.

Answer 33

Holden v. Hardy

Question 34

Judges also affirmed federal
police power and Congress’s authority over interstate commerce by upholding fed-
eral legislation, such as the (three acts)

Answer 34

Pure Food and Drug Act,
the Meat Inspection Act, and
the Mann Act.

Question 35

The study of society and its institutions—

Answer 35

Social science

Question 36

• like other Progressives, believed that the Constitution was a flexible document. His
  Economic Interpretation of the Constitution (1913) argued that a group of merchants and business-oriented lawyers created the Constitution to defend private property.

Answer 36

Beard,

Question 37

founded in 1899 by Florence Kelley, joined physicians and social scientists to secure far-reaching Progressive reforms.

Answer 37

National Consumers League (NCL), -

Question 38

• They urged city governments to fund neighborhood clinics providing medical care to the poor.

Answer 38

National Consumers League (NCL),

Question 39

the application of biological natural selection and survival of the fittest to human interactions

Answer 39

Social Darwinism -

Question 40

But another movement, ________ sought to apply Darwinian principles more intrusively,

Answer 40

eugenics,

Question 41

rested on the belief that human character and habits could be inherited, specifically bad traits, such as criminality, insanity, and feeblemindedness. Eugenicists believed society had an obligation to prevent the reproduction of the mentally defective and the criminally inclined, by prohibiting such people from marrying and, in extreme cases, by sterilizing them.

Answer 41

eugenics -

Question 42

Supported by American notables as Alexander Graham Bell, Margaret Sanger, and W. E. B. Du Bois, ________ was discredited, especially after it became a linchpin of Nazi racial policies

Answer 42

Eugenics -

Question 43

What bolstered theories that immigrants from southern and eastern Europe threatened to weaken American society because they were inferior mentally and morally to earlier Nordic immigrants.

Answer 43

Madison Grant’s The Passing of the Great Race (1916) -

Question 44

In the 1920s, ________________ closed the door to “new” immigrants.

Answer 44

– restrictive legalization

Question 45

A New Englander and the first black to receive a Ph.D. degree from Harvard, he was both a Progressive and a member of the black elite.

Answer 45

• Du Bois

Question 46

The organization aimed to end racial discrimination, prevent lynching, and obtain voting rights through legal redress in the courts.

Answer 46

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

Question 47

In 1911, however, middle-class Indians broke with white-led organizations and formed their own association, to work for better education, civil rights, and healthcare.

Answer 47

the Society of American Indians (SAI),

Question 48

named after a nineteenth-century New York moral reformer— Margaret Sanders which had banned the distribution of information about sex and contraception. In 1921 she formed the American Birth Control League,

Answer 48

Comstock laws—

Question 49

Blatch’s chief goal was

Answer 49

the improvement of women’s working conditions.

Question 50

the assassination of by the anarchist Leon Czolgosz vaulted Theodore Roosevelt, the young vice president, into the White House. He would become the nation’s most forceful president since Lincoln, one who bestowed the office with much of its twentieth-century character.

Answer 50

President William McKinley

Question 51

Public outrage flared in 1906 when _____________________ published The Jungle, a fictional-
ized exposé of Chicago meatpacking plants.

Answer 51

Upton Sinclair

Question 52

In 1907 a ________________ caused by reckless speculation forced some New York banks to close to prevent frightened depositors from withdrawing money -

Answer 52

financial panic

Question 53

which legalized the federal income tax,

Answer 53

16th amendment

Question 54

which provided for direct election of U.S. senators, were initiated during Taft’s presidency (and ratified in 1913)

Answer 54

Seventeenth Amendment -

Question 55

It corrected deficiencies of the Sherman Anti-

Trust Act of 1890 by outlawing such practices as price discrimination

Answer 55

Clayton Anti-Trust Act and a bill creating the Federal Trade

Commission (FTC).

Question 56

which mandated eight-hour workdays and time-and-a-half overtime pay for railroad workers

Answer 56

Adamson Act, -