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2016 - Civil Design Studio 2 > Water Supply > Flashcards

Water Supply Flashcards

1
Q

What are the strategic issues?

A 
Drought
Leakage
Risk of critical infrastructure failure.
Stormwater contamination.
Affordability.
Foul sewer overflows and property flooding.
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2
Q

What are the water supply sources?

A 
Groundwater bores.
Reservoirs.
Stream/river offtakes.
Lakes.
De-salination.
Roof water.
Process water resuse.
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3
Q

How does the chch water supply work?

A
  • Water from bores (aquifers)
  • Pumped up to port hills (through mains) to a storage facility (multiple storage tanks the hill)
  • Gravity fed from storage tanks to houses (local water pipes) etc. Pumps switched on if need be. This is monitored from a control room.
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4
Q

What size are the chch wells? and how many per site? how deep?

A

200 to 300 mm.
up to 5 per site.
22 to 190 m.

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5
Q

How many kms of main pipes exist in chch?

A

1300 kms with tot piping = 1500 kms (+submains)

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6
Q

What are the pipes made from in chch?

A

Castiron with cement coating.
Fibrolite.
Plastic.

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7
Q

How are the pipes laid out in chch?

A

So that if a pipe needs to be isolated for repair then water supply will not be cut off for the consumer.

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8
Q

What is Auckland’s water supply from?

A

100% dams

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9
Q

Key things when designing a water supply system?

A
  • Water quality
  • Hydraulic capacity
  • Structural strength of water system components
  • Fire supply
  • Fit for purpose
  • Seismic resistant
  • Resist corrosion
  • Whole life cost for 50 year
  • Ability to be altered and extended.
  • Networking
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10
Q

Approximate water use per day?

A

180 - 250 L

Summer can raise this.

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11
Q

What area uses the most water?

A

Industrial

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12
Q

What are the high industrials water users?

A
  • Food processing
  • Beverages
  • Textiles
  • Pulp and paper
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13
Q

When doing calcs, what is the minimum water demand?

A

250 L/p/day

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14
Q

What need needs to be calculated for design flow and pressures for residential?

A

Minimum water 250 L/p/day
Peak flow
Fire water demand

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15
Q

What need needs to be calculated for design flow and pressures for Business zones?

A

Minimum water demand
Peak flow
Fire water demand.

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16
Q

What are the rules around fire water supply?

A

Needs to be sufficient water to put out fire as a delay in access to water will lead to potential loss of lives.

17
Q

What is the equation from calculating the maximum operating pressure? (m)

A

Max = Hs + S - E

  • Hs = static pressure (m)
  • S = surge allowance (m)
  • E = lowest ground level of the proposed main (m)
18
Q

What is the minimum pipe class for reticulation mains?

A

PN 12.

For fittings PN 15.

19
Q

When is a pipe susceptible to surges? (pressure transients)

A

When the flow of fluid is abruptly changed. Caused from quick acting valves, or pumps that stop and start quickly.

20
Q

How many times are pipes rated operating pressure?

A

1.5 times.

21
Q

Issues with ductile iron and steel?

A

Stray electric currents and bimetallic corrosion.

Internal lining and external coating must be fully repaired.

22
Q

Issues with PVC-U?

A

Pressures do not exceed 1.25 times rated pressure. blah blah

23
Q

Issues with PE 80, and PE 100?

A

blah blah blha

24
Q

What are the typical pipe fittings?

A
  • Sluice valves
  • Backflow prevention
  • Scour valves
  • Air valves
  • Thrust and anchor blocks
  • Meters
25
Q

What are the two causes of backflow?

A
  • Sudden drop in pressure, causing a siphon effect.

- Water supply connected to something of higher pressure forcing supply back.

26
Q

What is backflow prevented?

A

Because it can cause contamination.
High = toxic
Medium = endangers health
Low = nuisance

27
Q

What considerations must be made when installing pipes?

A
  • Installation methods
  • Min conver
  • Backfill and bedding mats
  • Crossings (road, river etc)
  • Future access
  • Environ, topo considerations
28
Q

How does pumping a well effect other wells?

A

Pumping from one could reduce the intake from another.

29
Q

WEll stuff etc was left

A

lefrgea

2016 - Civil Design Studio 2 (21 decks)

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