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History of Rock and Roll Test 1 > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Los Angeles in 1960s

A

Home to Hollywood, television industry

Center of record productions by end of decade

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2
Q

What is the geographic trend in the 1960s?

A

Gradual shift in music business from East Coast to Los Angeles

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3
Q

Phil Spector

A

Most influential producer of his era
Eccentric genius, loner
Created girl group genre

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4
Q

Songs Produced by Spector

A 
"To Know Him Is to Love Him" - Self
"He's a Rebel" - The Crystals
"Da Doo Ron Ron" - The Crystals
"Be My Baby" - Ronettes
"Leader of the Pack" Shangri-Las
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5
Q

Wall of Sound

A 
Phil Spector
large instrumental groups
Multi-track overdubbing, reverb
Monophonic (not stereo)
Gold Star Studios
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6
Q

“You Lost That Lovin’ Feeling”

A

The Righteous Brothers

Produced by Phil Spector

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7
Q

The Wrecking Crew

A 
LA session musicians used on hundreds of recordings by Spector, the Beach Boys..
Carol Kaye (bass)
Hal Blaine (drums)
Glen Campbell (guitar)
Leon Russell (piano)
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8
Q

Hal Blaine

A

Played on the most hit records ever

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9
Q

LA Record Companies

A

Capitol, Liberty, Dot, A&M

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10
Q

A&M

A

Formed in 1962 by Herb Alpert and Jerry Moss, became world’s largest independent label

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11
Q

The Monkees

A

Group formed for TV show (1966-1968)
11 Top 40 hits
Songs written and produced by top LA pros

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12
Q

Bubblegum Pop

A

Marketed towards tweens and teens

Vapid, no depth

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13
Q

Surf Culture

A

Imported to West Coast from Hawaii
Surf subculture, lifestyle, hot rods, vernacular, music, etc.
1959-1963: Hollywood waters down surf in bikini movies

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14
Q

Surf Music

A

Instrumental, high energy, garage band edgy

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15
Q

Dick Dale and the Del-Tones

A

King of Surf Guitar
Incorporated effects that emulated his Lebanese culture and sound of the waves
Developed Dual Showman amplifier with Leo Fender

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16
Q

“Miserlou”

A

Dick Dale, 1962

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17
Q

The Beach Boys

A

Brian Wilson, Dennis and Carl Wilson, Mike Love, Al Jardin
Father abusive, encouraged music
Started as Pendletones
“Surfin’” leads to contract with Capitol (Labor Day 1961)

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18
Q

“Sweet Little Sixteen”

A

Chuck Berry

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19
Q

“Surfin’ USA”

A

Beach Boys

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20
Q

“Fun, Fun, Fun”

A

5, 1964

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21
Q

Early 1960’s Beach Boys

A

Brian is increasingly influenced by Phil Spector, emerges as creative genius; composer, arranger, producer, singer

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22
Q

“California Girls”

A

3, 1965

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23
Q

Late 1964 Beach Boys

A

Brian begins to exhibit emotional problems, stops touring with band, begins abusing drugs

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24
Q

Smile

A

Unfinished Beach Boys album, released 1997

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25
Q

Late 1960s: Beach Boys

A

Decline, Dennis Wilson, Charles Manson frienship
Brian reclusive
Carl and Dennis die

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26
Q

“I Got A Woman”

A

blueprint for soul

Transforms “I got a Savior, Way Over Jordan”

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27
Q

Soul Music

A

Merges R&B, gospel, secular with the sacred, considered taboo

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28
Q

1954

A

Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas kick starts the civil rights movement

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29
Q

1964-68

A

Zenith of Civil Rights Movement, goes into decline after assassination of Dr Martin Luther King Jr

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30
Q

What does the rise and fall of soul parallel?

A

The civil rights movement

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31
Q

Ray Charles

A

1954: signed by Jerry Wexler to Atlantic
“This Little Girl of Mine” Hymns in secular fashion
1959: “What’d I say”
1960: Signs with ABC, #1 hits follow

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32
Q

James Brown

A

Soul innovator, influential to funk, hip hop
“The Godfather of Soul”, “The Hardest Working Man in Show Business”
Impoverished youth, prison at 16, focuses on music
1956: JB and the Flames sign with King, first hit:
“Please, Please, Please” 1956
late 1950s: develops dynamic stage show with tight band and exciting hits to follow

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33
Q

Live at the Apollo

A

Establishes James Brown as a soul innovator

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34
Q

“Papa’s Got a Brand New Bag Part 1”

A

James Brown video
Top 10
1965

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35
Q

“I Got You (I Feel Good)”

A

Top 10 James Brown

1965

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36
Q

Minimalism

A

Late 1960s/1970s: becomes a spokesman for the black community
45/68: diffuses tense situation at Boston Garden after assassination of Dr Martin Luther King Jr
1968: “Say It Out Loud, I’m Black and Proud”

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37
Q

“Cold Sweat”

A

James Brown

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38
Q

Sam Cooke

A

Born in Mississippi Delta, son of a preacher
1950: joins popular gospel group Soul Stirrers, develops fan base, easy going charm, crooning style
1956: “crosses over” as Dale Cook
Early 1960s: begins building business empire
12/11/64: Tragic murder in LA

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39
Q

“You Send Me”

A

1957
Sam Cooke
#1

40
Q

“Twistin’ the Night Away”

A

Sam Cooke

41
Q

“A Change is Gonna Come”

A

Released posthumously in 1964

Inspired by Bob Dylan

42
Q

Motown

A

Formed in 1959 by Berry Gordy
Offices in house on West Grand Blvd, Detroit
Gordy sets up production teams, publishing company, record label
Tightly controlled family business
Weekly production meetings, competitive environment
Nurturing of artists

43
Q

“Hitsville USA”

A

Detroit

44
Q

Assembly Line Production

A
  1. Finishing School
  2. Choreography
  3. Stage presence
  4. In House production
  5. Record distribution
  6. in-house talent agencies
45
Q

1964-1967 Motown

A

14 #1 hit records

46
Q

Motown Sound

A

Pop-oriented, smoothing over the rough edges of other soul music
Rock-solid groove, anchored by Benny Benjamin’s drums and James Jamersons’ innovative syncopated electric bass

47
Q

Motown Producers

A

Smokey Robinson
Barrett Strong
Norman Whitfield
Ashford and Simpson

48
Q

Holland/Dozier/Hollan

A

Most successful songwriting/production team

produce 46 top 40 and 12 #1 hits

49
Q

“Stop! In the Name of Love”

A

The Supremes

50
Q

Memphis

A

Late 1950s, although a racially segregated city, an open, “transracial” attitude existed

51
Q

1957

A

Jim Stewart starts Satellite Records in garage

52
Q

1958

A

Jim Stewart’s sister Estelle Axton becomes Jim’s partner

53
Q

1960

A

Stax Records is born

move into Capitol Theatre on East McLemore Ave

54
Q

“Cause I Love You”

A

1960

Rudus and Carla Thomas cataches attention of Atlantic’s Jerry Wexler

55
Q

“Last Night”

A

1961

Royal Spades

56
Q

“Green Onions”

A

Booker T. and the MGS

1962

57
Q

Stax in-house rhythm section

A

Booker T. and the MGS

Establish Stax sound

58
Q

Characteristics of the Stax Sound

A

Raw, gritty, powerful and emotional
Bare bones instrumentation of bass, drums, guitar, piano or organ, horn section
Very tight yet uncluttered groove
Horns play punchy unison lines and chords
Generally, no vocal harmonies or BGVs

59
Q

Motown

A 
Detroit based, Black Owned
All Black performers
Records aimed at White audience
Rigid, hierarchical organization
Assembly line process
Producer/Composer most important
Smooth, refined, controlled pop sound
Wall of Sound background
Hitsville, USA
60
Q

Stax

A 
Memphis, white-owned
Integrated performers
Records aimed at Black R&B audience
Loose, accessible to outside input
Spontaneous, loosely organized process
Performers most important
Unencumbered, raw, closer to R&B
Simple rhythm section with clean horns
Soulsville, USA
61
Q

Important Stax Songs

A

“Green Onions”
“(Sittin’ On) the Dock of the Bay”
“In the Midnight Hour”

62
Q

“Soul Man”

A 
Sam and Dave
#2 1967
63
Q

Fame Studios

A

1959: Rick Hall opens Fame Music in Muscle Shoals, IL
1966: “When A Man Loves A Woman” catches attention of Jerry Wexler, who then begin bringing Atlantic artists to Fame

64
Q

Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section

A

Fame Studios

65
Q

Aretha Franklin

A

Born in Memphis, raised in Detroit, father is a preacher
1960: signs with Colombia, 10 unsuccessful pop/jazz albums
1967: Jerry Wexler signs her to Atlanic, records “I Never Loved a Man (the Way I Love You)” at Muscle Shoals in her natural style
“Dr Feelgood”

66
Q

“Respect”

A

1967 #1

Aretha Franklin

67
Q

Early 20th Century

A

Renewed interest in folk music by:
preservationists such as John and Alan Lomax, who recorded many folksingers such as Leadbelly
political organizations, socialist groups, Communists
labor unions: Wobblies: Little Red Songbook

68
Q

“Goodnight Irene”

A

Leadbelly

69
Q

Woody Guthrie

A

Wrote songs about the plight of the common man, including “This Land is Your Land”
talking blues vocal style

70
Q

“Pretty Boy Floyd”

A

Woody Guthrie

71
Q

Pete Seeger

A

Becomes famous as member of the Weavers

songs include “If I Had a Hammer”

72
Q

“We Shall Overcome”

A

Pete Seeger

73
Q

Hootenannies

A

Woody Guthrie and Pete Seeger

74
Q

1950s folk music

A

Cold war climate not favorable to folksingers
Guthrie, Seeger fortunes change
Guthrie becomes terminally ill with Huntington’s chorea
Seeger blacklisted; refuses to cooperate w/ HUAAC; cited for contempt of Congress
Senator Joseph McCarthy helps create witch hunt mentality

75
Q

Late 1950s

A

Folk becomes popular alternative
Calypso
Kingston Trio

76
Q

Joan Baez

A

1959: Performs at first Newport Folk Festival, becomes darling of folk community
1963: tours with and introduces Bob Dylan
“House of the Rising Sun”

77
Q

Peter, Paul and Mary

A

1963: record 2 Dylan songs that hit Top 10

“Lemon Tree”

78
Q

Greenwich Village

A

Commercial folk

1960s

79
Q

Bob Dylan

A

Robert Zimmerman
1959: attends university of Minnesota, becomes Dinkytown fixture
Inspired by beat writers, W Guthrie, changes name
1961: Moves to Greenwich Village, meets Guthrie
NY Times review leads to contract w/ Columbia, John Hammond producing

80
Q

Bob Dylan

A

Robert Zimmerman
1959: attends university of Minnesota, becomes Dinkytown fixture
Inspired by beat writers, W Guthrie, changes name
1961: Moves to Greenwich Village, meets Guthrie
NY Times review leads to contract w/ Columbia, John Hammond producing

81
Q

Bob Dylan (album)

A

Contains mostly traditional folk songs, sells poorly, becomes known as Hammond’s Folly
“Song to Woody”

82
Q

The Freewheelin’ Bob Dylan

A

Mostly original songs, 1963

83
Q

Bob Dylan 1963

A

performs with Joan Baez
Newport Folk Festival
March on Washington in August

84
Q

The Times They Are A Changin’

A

Bob Dylan
Establishes him as leader of folk community
Contains title cut, songs of protest and social relevance

85
Q

Another Side of Bob Dylan

A

1964

Introspective songs, receives lukewarm reviews

86
Q

1964 Bob Dylan

A

Famous meeting w/ Beatles at Hotel Delmonico in NYC

87
Q

Bringing it All Back Home

A

Side A: rock

Side B: Acoustic

88
Q

1965

A

July: Dylan appears at Newport Folk Festival with electric Paul Butterfield Blues band, crowd boos

89
Q

“Like a Rolling Stone”

A

Bob Dylan

Criticism of government

90
Q

“Blonde on Blonde”

A

1966
Recorded in Nashville
Double album
“Rainy Day Woman”

91
Q

Don’t Look Back

A

1967

Documentary film of 1965 Bob Dylan tour of England

92
Q

1965 Bob Dylan

A

Family moves to Woodstock, NY

93
Q

Bob Dylan 7/29/1966

A

Motorcycle accident, recuperation period follows

94
Q

1966-67

A

records new songs with the Band; heavily bootlegged, became known as the Basement Tapes

95
Q

John Wesley Harding

A

1968 album

Bob Dylan

96
Q

Nashville Skyline

A

Influential to country rock

Bob Dylan album

97
Q

Bob Dylan Summary

A 
Rock lyrics can be poetic
Influence on Beatles
Warts and all performer
Important influence on folk rock, country music
Released more than 60 albums

History of Rock and Roll Test 1 (2 decks)

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