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957 Block 2 > 2. Diarrhea and Constipation > Flashcards

2. Diarrhea and Constipation Flashcards

1
Q

What types of stool are the goal?

A

3 or 4

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2
Q

What are some main medications that cause constipation?

A

opioids
iron supplements
CCBs
antidepressants

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3
Q

What are some lifestyle causes for constipation?

A

dehydration
inactivity
pregnancy
diet

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4
Q

What are some disease states that cause constipation?

A

Colon cancer

IBS

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5
Q

What are some “mush” agents?

A 
PEG
emollients
non-digestible sugars
magnesium
Na, Mg, K phosphates
fiber
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6
Q

What are some “push” agents?

A 
- Agonists:
Senna
Cascara
bisacodyl
- Antagonists:
methylnaltrexone
alvimopan
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7
Q

What are some “flush” agents?

A 
PEG
soap suds
Na, Mg, K phosphates
molasses
non-digestible sugars
mineral oil
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8
Q

What is the clinical definition of acute diarrhea?

A

abrupt onset of 3 or more loose stools per day and lasts no longer than 14 days

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9
Q

What is the clinical definition of chronic/persistent diarrhea?

A

an episode of diarrhea that lasts longer than 14 days

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10
Q

What is osmotic diarrhea?

A

water is drawn from the body into the bowel lumen

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11
Q

What is secretory diarrhea?

A

water is released into the bowel lumen

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12
Q

What is exudative diarrhea?

A

the presence of blood/pus in stool from inflammation

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13
Q

What is the most common cause of diarrhea?

A

infection

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14
Q

Most cases of diarrhea require treatment or are self-limiting?

A

self-limiting

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15
Q

What is the main treatment for all types of diarrhea?

A

supportive (fluids)

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16
Q

What are some medications for diarrhea?

A

bismuth subsalicylate
loperamide
atropine/diphenoxylate

17
Q

What is the treatment for Salmonella induced diarrhea?

A

not routinely recommended

Ciprofloxacin

18
Q

What is the treatment for Shigella induced diarrhea?

A

Bactrim or Ciprofloxacin

19
Q

What is the treatment for Campylobacter induced diarrhea?

A

Azithromycin

20
Q

What is the treatment for E.coli (non O157) induced diarrhea?

A

Ciprofloxacin

21
Q

What is the treatment for E.coli (O157) induced diarrhea?

A

no antimicrobial treatment

supportive care only

22
Q

What is the treatment for Vibrio paraharmoliticus induced diarrhea?

A

Doxycycline

23
Q

What is the treatment for Vibrio cholera induced diarrhea?

A

Doxycycline or single dose Fluoroquinolones

24
Q

What is the treatment for Yersinia enterocolitica induced diarrhea?

A

no antimicrobial treatment

25
Q

What is the treatment for Giardia lamblia induced diarrhea?

A

metronidazole

26
Q

What is the treatment for Cryptosporidium induced diarrhea?

A

no routine antimicrobial treatment

Severe: Paromomycin

27
Q

What is the treatment for Cyclospora induced diarrhea?

A

Bactrim

28
Q

What is the treatment for Microsporidium induced diarrhea?

A

Albendazole

29
Q

What is the treatment for Entamoeba histolytica induced diarrhea?

A

Metronidazole plus paromomycin

957 Block 2 (14 decks)

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