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ORD Exam 2 > Pediatric Dermatology > Flashcards

Pediatric Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Major differences between children and adult skin:

A

Kids Skin is:

  • Drier
  • Chaps easier
  • Less hair
  • Less collagen
  • Weaker epidermal-dermal attachment
  • Lose water faster
  • Absorbs substances better
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2
Q

When does skin develop?

A

By 24 weeks gestation

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3
Q

Premature vs mature skin:

A
  • Premature skin 5x thinner

- May seen blood vessels through skin

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4
Q

Protective covering on newborn skin:

A
  • Vernix caseosa
  • Protects from excessive dryness in the womb
  • Desquamation 24-36 hrs after birth through 3rd week of life
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5
Q

Benign neonatal skin lesions/rashes:

A
  • Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum
  • Transient Neonatal Pustular Melanosis
  • Miliaria
  • Milia
  • Cephalic Pustulosis (Neonatal Acne)
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6
Q

Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum:

A
  • Most common rash of full term newborns
  • 24 hrs after birth (not at birth)
  • Eosinophils in Pustular Fluid
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7
Q

Transient Neonatal Pustular Melanosis:

A
  • Full term infants
  • Present at birth
  • Higher incidence in babies with dark pigmentation
  • Neutrophils in Pustular Fluid
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8
Q

Miliaria (Prickly Heat):

A
  • Newborn rash due to climates too warm for them or over wrapping
  • Sweat retention from obstructed eccrine sweat glands in corneum
  • Clear pinpoint vesicles (crystallina) or small erythematous papules (rubra)
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9
Q

Milia:

A
  • Small keratin and sebaceous material retention cyst in pilosebaceous follicles
  • Face and Nose
  • Present at birth
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10
Q

Cephalic Pustulosis (neonatal acne):

A
  • Due to androgens (maternal and endogenous) on sebaceous glands
  • Inflammatory papules/pustules without comedones
  • Not true acne therefore does not scar
  • Forehead nose cheeks
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11
Q

Birthmarks:

A
  • Nevus Simplex
  • Nevus Flammeus
  • Mongolian Spot
  • Cafe-au-lait Spot
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12
Q

Nevus Simplex:

A
  • Pink-red macules that blanch when compressed
  • Eyelid, glabella, nape of neck
  • Resolve
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13
Q

Nevus Flammeus:

A
  • Port wine stain
  • Congenital capillary/venous malformation (dilated vessels)
  • Unilateral face
  • Associated with Sturge-Weber when located in distribution of CN V ophthalmic branch
  • Does not enlarge or involute
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14
Q

Mongolian Spots:

A
  • Dark skin infants
  • Blue grey lesion
  • Fade but not completely
  • Document if unusual site as it may be abuse
  • Sacrum and back mostly
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15
Q

Cafe-au-late Spot:

A
  • Hyperpigmented macule

- Found in NF-1 or McCune-Albright syndrome

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16
Q

Diaper Dermatitis:

A
  • Prolonged contact with feces and urine

- Maceration and dampness allows for secondary infection

17
Q

Irritant/Contact Diaper Dermatitis:

A
  • Contact with chemicals, enzymes in stool, soap etc.
  • Convex surfaces of buttock
  • Spares Intertriginous creases
18
Q

Diaper Candidiasis:

A
  • Widespread, raised, beefy red lesion with PINPOINT PUSTULOVESICULAR SATELLITE LESIONS
  • Satellite lesions are diagnostic hallmark
  • Always look in mouth for thrush
  • Can follow systemic antibiotic use
19
Q

Bacterial Diaper Dermatitis:

A
  • Secondary infection to irritant dermatitis
  • Staphylococcal or Streptococcal
  • Papules -> Vesicles surrounded by erythema -> golden crust appearance
20
Q

Seborrheic Diaper Dermatitis:

A
  • Salmon colored greasy plaques with yellowish scale
  • Intertriginous areas
  • Also check scalp face other areas for seborrheic dermatitis
21
Q

Seborrheic Dermatitis:

A
  • Plaque with greasy yellow scales
  • Sebaceous gland areas
  • Scalp hairline
22
Q

Telogen Effluvium:

A
  • Most common cause of DIFFUSE hair loss
  • Occurs within 3 months of stress event
  • Mature follicles switch to telogen resting state and shed within 3 months
  • Self limiting
23
Q

Trichotillomania:

A
  • Compulsive urge to pull hair
  • Incomplete hair loss
  • Anxiety, depression or OCD
24
Q

Alopecia:

A
  • Due to chronic inflammation
  • Normal appearing scalp
  • Areata: small patches; most common
  • Totalis: entire scalp; autoimmune
  • Universalis: all body hair
25
Q

Traction Alopecia:

A
  • Hairline hair loss
  • Due to hairstyles with too much tension
  • Non-inflammatory
  • Can scar
26
Q

Tinea Capitis:

A
  • Fungal infection of scalp
  • Contagious
  • KOH
  • Oral antifungals
27
Q

Aplasia Cutis Congenita:

A
  • Absence of skin on portion of scalp
  • May be associated with underlying skull or intracranial malformation
  • Hair collar sign: thicker darker hair growth around lesion on scalp that is indicative of CNS abnormality

ORD Exam 2 (11 decks)

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