Chapter 4

Question 1

allele

Answer 1

one alternative form of the same gene

Question 2

allele frequencies

Answer 2

proportions of alternative forms of a gene in a pop

Question 3

allozyme

Answer 3

alternative gorm of a particular enzyme which differs structurally but not functionally form other allozymes

Question 4

artificial selection

Answer 4

selective breeding used to develop/maintain desirable traits in domesticated plants/animals

Question 5

common garden experiment

Answer 5

individuals from two or more pops are transplanted and grown in same environment, used to study contributions of environment v. genetic factors to difference between pop

Question 6

directional selection

Answer 6

form of natural selection that favors extreme phenotypes over others

Question 7

disruptive selection

Answer 7

form of natural selection that favors two or more extreme phenotypes over the avg phenotype

Question 8

ecotype

Answer 8

locally adapted and genetically distinctive pop within a species

Question 9

endemic

Answer 9

term applied to pops or species foundin a particular locality, an island and nowhere else

Question 10

fitness

Answer 10

number of offspring contributed by an individual relative to the number of offspring produced by others

Question 11

GMOs

Answer 11

organisms whose genetic makeup has been modified through process of genetic engineering, through deletion/insertion of genes from diff organisms

Question 12

genetic drift

Answer 12

change in gene frequencies in a pop due to chance

Question 13

genetic engineering

Answer 13

alteration of genetic makeup of an intro of deletion of genes

Question 14

hardy-Weinberg principle

Answer 14

principle that in a pop mating at random in the absence of evolutionary forces, allele frequencies remain constant

Question 15

heritability

Answer 15

proportion of total phenotypic variabtion in a trait attributable to genetic variation; determines potential for evolutionary change in trait

Question 16

inbreeding

Answer 16

mating between close relatives

Question 17

loci

Answer 17

location along length of chromosome where gene is located

Question 18

microsatellite DNA

Answer 18

sequence of tandem repetitive DNA, in which a few base pairs are repeated up to 100 times

Question 19

natural selection

Answer 19

differential reproduction and survival of individuals in a pop due to environmental influences on the pop; proposed by Darwin

Question 20

phenotype

Answer 20

observable characteristics of an organisms that result form interactions between genetic makeup of individual and its environment

Question 21

phenotypic plasticity

Answer 21

variation among individuals in form and function as a result of environmental influences

Question 22

polygenic traits

Answer 22

traits determined by effects of many genes

Question 23

pop genetics

Answer 23

study of genetics of pops

Question 24

stabilizing selection

Answer 24

form of natural selection that acts against extreme phenotypes; can act to impede changes in pops