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ABS MT 2 > Micro Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Micro Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Commensalism

A

One org. benefits, other is unaffected + / 0

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2
Q

Mutualism

A

Both orgs. benefit + / +

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3
Q

Parasitism

A

One org. benefits at expense of another + / -

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4
Q

Microbial antagonism

A

Competition between microbes

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5
Q

Bacteriocins

A

Proteins that inhibit growth of other bacteria

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6
Q

Opportunistic pathogens

A

Cause disease in compromised host

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7
Q

Koch’s postulates

A

Prove the cause of infectious disease (same pathogen, isolated, cause disease in healthy animal, isolated from inoculated animal)

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8
Q

Name two microbes that have never been cultured.

A

Syphilis, leprosy

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9
Q

Signs

A

Changes (symptoms) that can be measured/observed

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10
Q

Incidence

A

Number of people who develop disease during particular time period

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11
Q

Prevalence

A

Number of people who have disease at a specified time

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12
Q

Focal infection

A

Systemic infection that began as local infection

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13
Q

Reservoirs of infection

A

Human, animal, nonliving (water, soil)

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14
Q

Secondary infection

A

Opportunistic infection after primary infection

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15
Q

Subclinical disease

A

No noticeable signs or symptoms

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16
Q

Indirect contact transmission

A

Spreads to host by nonliving object (fomite), ex. syringes

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17
Q

Droplet transmission

A

Airborne droplets less than 1 meter

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18
Q

Vectors

A

Arthropods, via mechanical (carries on feet) or biological (bites, feces)

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19
Q

Vehicle transmission

A

Waterborne, foodborne, airborne

20
Q

Nosocomial infections

A

Hospital associated infections, microorganisms, weakened status of host, chain of transmission

21
Q

Control measures to reduce pathogens

A

Handwashing, disinfection, cleaning instruments, disposable bandages

22
Q

Infectious dose for 50% of sample pop.

A

ID 50

23
Q

Lethal dose for 50% of sample pop.

A

LD 50 (potency of toxin)

24
Q

How do pathogens attach to host tissues?

A

Adherence via adhesins (ligands bind to receptors on host)

*Microbes form biofilms

25
Q

List cell wall components

A

M protein: resists phagocytosis
Opa protein: allows attachment to host
Waxy lipid: resists digestion

26
Q

Coagulase

A

Coagulates fibrinogen

27
Q

Kinase

A

Digests fibrin clots

28
Q

Hyaluronidase

A

Digests polysaccharides that hold cells together

29
Q

Collagenase

A

Breaks down collagen

30
Q

IgA proteases

A

Destroys IgA antibodies

31
Q

Antigenic variation

A

Pathogens alter surface antigens (antibodies rendered ineffective)

32
Q

Invasins

A

Surface proteins produced by bact. that rearrange actine filaments (membrane ruffling)

33
Q

Siderophores

A

Proteins secreted by pathogens, bind iron (Fe) more tightly than host cells, ex. enterobactin

34
Q

Exotoxins

A

gram +, A-B toxins, membrane disrupting, genotoxins

35
Q

Antitoxins

A

Antibodies against specific exotoxins

36
Q

Toxoids

A

Inactivated exotoxins used in vaccines

37
Q

A-B toxins

A

Contain enzyme and binding components, ex. diptheria toxin

38
Q

Leukocidins

A

Kill phagocytic leukocytes

39
Q

Hemolysins

A

Kill erythrocytes via protein channels

40
Q

Streptolysins

A

Hemolysins produced by streptococci

41
Q

Superantigens

A

Intense immune response due to release of cytokines from host cell

42
Q

Genotoxins

A

Damage DNA

43
Q

Lipid A

A

Endotoxin, part of LPS of gram neg. bact., released during bact. multiplication/when gram neg. bact. die

44
Q

Lysogenic conversion

A

Changes characteristics of microbe due to incorporation of bacteriophage

45
Q

Infective agent of Chlamydiae

A

Elementary body

46
Q

How is Rickettsia transmitted?

A

Insect/tick bites

ABS MT 2 (5 decks)

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