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Neuro > Auditory System > Flashcards

Auditory System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 fluid-filled cavities of the cochlea?

A

Reissner’s membrane
Basilar membrne
Transduction

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2
Q

Where is the Scala media closed off at?

A

The apex

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3
Q

What connects the Scala tympani and the Scala vestibuli?

A

helicotrema

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4
Q

What is continuous at the Scala tympani and the Scala Vestibuli?

A

Perilymph

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5
Q

What meets the round window?

A

Scala vestibuli

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6
Q

What meets at the oval window?

A

Scala tympani

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7
Q

Describe the Basilar Membrane

A

Flexible

Vibrates in sync with fluid motion

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8
Q

What determines the distance that a particular frequency travels?

A

The width and flexibility of the basilar membrane

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9
Q

What opens the TRPA1 channels?

A

Force towards kinocilium

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10
Q

What connects transduction channels (Cation channels on hairs)

A

Tip links

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11
Q

What inputs do inner hair cells receive?

A

Afferent

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12
Q

What inputs do outer hair cells receive?

A

Efferent

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13
Q

What is the motor protein composed of?

A

Prestin

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14
Q

What does Furosemide affect?

A

Inactivates the membrane motor so reveals its influence

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15
Q

What is endolymphs potential?

A

80mV

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16
Q

What potential is generated to the sterocilia membrane?

A

120 mV

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17
Q

Is there higher or lower Potassium levels in the endolymph?

A

Higher

18
Q

What are the two coding systems for the auditory nerve?

A

Place code

Temporal code

19
Q

What frequency level does Place code do?

A

Higher frequency

20
Q

What frequency does Temporal code do?

A
21
Q

In the brain, what is the pathway from ear end?

A 
CN VIII
Trapeziod body
medulla
Intermediate acoustic site
Superior olivary nuclei
nucleus of the lateral lemniscus
Inferior colliculus
Medial geniculate nucleus
Primary auditory cortex
22
Q

What are the 3 branches of the VIII nerve?

A

Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus (DCN)
Posteroventral Cochlear Nucleus (PVCN)
Anteroventral Cochlear Nucleus (AVCN)

23
Q

What does tonotopy ensure?

A

Each neurone innervates several different areas and different neuron types

24
Q

What do the semicircular canals measure?

A

Head angular acceleration (head rotation)

25
Q

What do the saccule and the utricle measure?

A

Head linear acceleration (Translation motion and Gravity)

26
Q

What are the saccule and the utricle known as?

A

The Otolith organs/Otocysts

27
Q

What does cochlea vibration and labyrinth acceleration/gravity do?

A

Deforms the hair cells

28
Q

What does deformation of hair cells do?

A

Generates an electrochemical signal which is transmitted by nerve fibres to the vestibular nucleus

29
Q

What does deformation of the stereocilia towards kinocilium cause?

A

Depolarization

30
Q

In the semicircular canals, what is the Crista?

A

Sheet of cells where hair cells are clustered

31
Q

What does the fluid displace when there is movement?

A

The capula

32
Q

Where is the Crista?

A

In the Ampulla

33
Q

What does the posterior canal share a plane with?

A

Contralateral anterior canal

34
Q

What movement does the saccule measure?

A

Vertical/Sagittal plane

35
Q

What movement does the utricle measure?

A

Horizontal plane

36
Q

In the otolith organs, where do the hair cells lie?

A

In the macula

37
Q

what divides the hair cells into two groups?

A

The striola

38
Q

What are present on the otolith membrane?

A

Crystals of calcium carbonate called Otocania

39
Q

What is the Vestibulo-ocular reflex?

A

Keeps the eyes still in space when the head moves

40
Q

What is the Vestibulo-colic reflex?

A

Keeps head still in space on level plane when you walk

41
Q

What is the Vestibular-spinal reflex?

A

Adjusts posture for rapid changes in position

Neuro (19 decks)

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