Carbohydrates

Question 1

What do starch and sugar provide the body with?

Answer 1

Energy

Question 2

What are the 3 types of carbohydrates?

Answer 2

Starchy, sugary and NSP (fibre)

Question 3

How many kcal of energy does 1g of pure starch or sugar provide?

Answer 3

3.75 kcal

Question 4

NSP is a type of carbohydrate but it doesn’t provide ________

Answer 4

Energy

Question 5

What is starch formed from?

Answer 5

Thousands of glucose units joined together.

Question 6

When starch is digested, it is gradually broken down into smaller pieces and as this happens ________ is released.

Answer 6

Energy.

Question 7

Name 4 sources of starch.

Answer 7

Potatoes, pasta, cereal, bread, rice, fruit and veg.

Question 8

What type of energy does sugar contain?

Answer 8

A immediate supply.

Question 9

Name 4 sources of sugar.

Answer 9

Honey and jam, fruit juices, ice cream, sweets, cakes & buns, biscuits, jelly.

Question 10

How much NSP are adults advised to have an intake of per day?

Answer 10

18g

Question 11

What are the two types of NSP?

Answer 11

Soluble and in-soluble.

Question 12

Name 4 foods high in insoluble NSP.

Answer 12

Wholegrain cereals, wholemeal bread, nuts, pulses, brown pasta, brown rice, fruit & veg (skins).

Question 13

Insoluble NSP acts like a _______ and absorbs _______ as it moves through the digestive system.

Answer 13

Sponge and water.

Question 14

What happens to the faeces when insoluble NSP absorbs water as it moves through the digestive system?

Answer 14

It adds bulk to the faeces, making it soft and easily removed from the body.

Question 15

What does insoluble NSP reduce the risk of?

Answer 15

Diverticular disease, constipation and bowel cancer.

Question 16

What is constipation?

Answer 16

When the faeces become very hard and slowly move through the intestine. Lots of effort is required to remove them.

Question 17

Why will diverticular disease occur?

Answer 17

The extra strain on the muscular walls from constipation can lead to it.

Question 18

What is diverticular disease?

Answer 18

The faeces are small and hard (due to lack of NSP and water) and the muscular walls of the intestine have to work harder to move them along.

Question 19

Name 4 sources of soluble NSP.

Answer 19

Oats, fruit, vegetables, pulses (beans, lentils and chickpeas).

Question 20

What is the main function of soluble NSP?

Answer 20

It helps reduce blood cholesterol and therefore CHD.

Question 21

Eating too many sugary and starchy carbohydrates may increase your risk of developing _______.

Answer 21

Obesity

Question 22

Why would you develop excess weight from eating too many sugary and starchy carbohydrates?

Answer 22

Because too much energy (kcal) is stored as fat.

Question 23

What will obesity increase the risk of later in life?

Answer 23

CHD, type 2 diabetes, some cancers and high blood pressure.

Question 24

What type of carbohydrates should you get most of your energy from?

Answer 24

Starchy.

Question 25

Too many foods containing sugar increase the risk of _______ ______.

Answer 25

Tooth decay.

Question 26

Why do you develop tooth decay from too many foods containing sugar?

Answer 26

Bacteria in the mouth feeds on the sugar in food we eat and produces an acid. The acid erodes the tooth enamel eventually causing tooth decay.

Question 27

What is plaque?

Answer 27

A sticky mixture of food, bacteria and acid.

Question 28

What is the word equation for tooth decay?

Answer 28

Sugar + bacteria = acid (erosion of enamel).

Question 29

What is the word equation for plaque?

Answer 29

Food + bacteria = plaque

Question 30

Name four ways to stop your kids from getting tooth decay.

Answer 30

• Visit the dentist every 6 months
• Avoid sweets
• Use toothpaste or mouthwash with added fluoride
• Drink water or milk instead or fizzy juice

Question 31

What would you get from a lack of energy?

Answer 31

Lethargy (tiredness) and weight loss could result.