L8

Question 1

LPS is from

Answer 1

Gram negative

Question 2

Lipoteichoic acid is from

Answer 2

Gram positive

Question 3

Prevention of bacterial entry

Answer 3

Shedding of epithelial cells
Intact epithelial barrier
Positive fluid flow into gingival crevice

Question 4

Gingival crevicular fluid originates as

Answer 4

gingival tissue interstitial fluid and inflammation increases pemiability

Question 5

Gingipains

From which bacteria

Answer 5

Pg

Question 6

Complement system

Answer 6

induces bacterial lysis
Phagocyte recuitment
Opsonization–>phagocytosis
Mast cells–> INcreased Vascular Permiability

Question 7

Universal signals of infection that help recruit inflammatory cells

Answer 7

IL-1B TNF-alpha

Question 8

Chemotactic activity

Answer 8

IL-8

Attracts neutrophils in early stages

Question 9

Adaptive immunity (3 hallmarks)

Answer 9

Antigen recognition
Immune memory
Clonal expansion

Question 10

Host defense hierarchy

Answer 10

Local infection
Acute inflammation
1. Serum complement (Innate)
2. Neutrophil (innate)
Chronic inflammation
1. Monocyte/macrophage (Innate)
2. Lymphocytes (acquired immunity)
Systemic infection

Question 11

Toll-like-receptors
Role
Which cells
Recognition

Answer 11

Role in induction of innate immune response
Expressed by all cells
Recognize conserved microbial molecular patterns

Question 12

TLRs signal for

Answer 12

cytokines
chemokines
antimicrobial peptides
nitric oxide
Eicosanoids

Question 13

LPS stimulates (7)

Answer 13

Complement activation
PMN activation
Macrophage Activation
B-cells
Bone resorption
Prostaglandin synthesis
TNF-alpha

Question 14

Prostaglandins induce

Answer 14

Vasodilation

Cytokine production

Question 15

PGE2

Answer 15

Induce production of metalloproteinases by fibroblasts and osteoclasts which damage perio tissue

Question 16

Common proteinase inhibitors

Answer 16

Alpha-2 macroglobulin: broad spectrum proteinase inhibot

Alpha-1 antitrypsin: broad spectrum proteinase inhibor and potent inhibitor of PMN collagenase

Question 17

Defensins
Function
Produced by

Answer 17

Inhibit bacteria and fungi

Produced by salivary epithelium

Question 18

Calprotectin
Function
Produced by

Answer 18

Inhibit bacteria and fungi by chelating zinc

Produced by epithelium, PMN, monocytes, macrophages

Question 19

Mast cell location

Answer 19

Throughout body, especially connective tissue subjacent to mucosal surfaces

Question 20

PMN antimicrobial substances

Answer 20

Secretion: compliment factors
Respiratory burst: Reactive oxygen radicals
Phagocytosis
Lysis/apoptosis

Question 21

PMN activities are triggered by

Answer 21

Receptor binding events

Question 22

PMN recruitment

Answer 22

Release of proinflammatory cytokines
Endothelial cells increase adhesion molecule expression
Neutrophils bind and migrate thru JE into crevice
Chemotactic gradient

Question 23

Chronic periodontitis proportions

Answer 23

Plasma cells>B lymphocytes>T lymphocytes

Question 24

Th1 cytokines

Answer 24

IL-2
IFN-Gamma
TNF-alpha

Question 25

Th2 cytokines

Answer 25

IL-4, 5, 6 10, 13

Question 26

Cytoxic t cells in periodontitis

Answer 26

Not found suggesting that viruses and inasive bacteria are not major players

Question 27

Conventional vs autoreactie B cells

Answer 27

Conventional: levels decrease in healthy and treated sites
Autoreactive: do not derease after treatment

Question 28

Chronic vs aggressive periodontitis

Answer 28

Chronic: IgG1>IgG2

Question 29

Most predominant and active secretory cells in advanced perio lesions

Answer 29

Plasma cells

Question 30

Th1 and Th2 cells in chronic periodontal lesions

Answer 30

Th2 >Th1