Anesthesia

Question 1

What is anesthesia?

Answer 1

A state of unconsciousness induced in an animal

Question 2

What are the 3 goals of anesthesia?

Answer 2

Analgesia for pain relief, immobilization, and amnesia

Question 3

How many stages of anesthesia are there?

Answer 3

4

Question 4

How many planes are involved in stage 3 of anesthesia?

Answer 4

4

Question 5

What happens during Stage I of anesthesia?

Answer 5

Amnesia and analgesi

Question 6

What happens during Stage II of anesthesia?

Answer 6

Delirium and lack of inhibition

Question 7

What happens during Stage III of anesthesia?

Answer 7

Surgical anesthesia: characterized by progressive depression of respiration, circulation, reflexes, and muscle tone

Question 8

What happens during Stage IV of anesthesia?

Answer 8

Pre-mortem: between apnea and circulatory collapse

Question 9

What happens at Plane 1 of Stage III?

Answer 9

The animal is under light surgical anesthesia

Question 10

What happens at Plane 2 of Stage III?

Answer 10

The animal is under moderate surgical anesthesia; good for spays/neuters

Question 11

What happens at Plane 3 of Stage III?

Answer 11

The animal is under deep surgical anesthesia; appropriate for more invasive surgeries

Question 12

What happens at Plane 4 of Stage III?

Answer 12

The animal is in a deep surgical anesthesia plane; apnea will usually occur and the animal will have to be ventilated

Question 13

What are some general considerations to consider?

Answer 13

If the species is used extensively or rarely, the different anatomy and physiology, if it is a dangerous or free-ranging species, and the size vs the metabolism of the animal

Question 14

Why is the animal’s metabolism important with anesthesia?

Answer 14

The smaller the animal, the faster the metabolism, you need to consider when deciding what drugs to use and how fast they are eliminated from the body

Question 15

What factors can not be assessed at a distance?

Answer 15

Nutrition, disease, infection (zoonotic), parasitic load, estrus, pregnancy and lactation

Question 16

What techniques should be used for anesthesia?

Answer 16

Accurate body weight, minimize stress, withhold feed, intubation, maintain body temperature, IV catheters, IV fluids, cardiovascular function, monitor reflexes and muscle tone

Question 17

How long should food be withheld for a cat or larger?

Answer 17

12 hours

Question 18

How long should food be withheld in small animals?

Answer 18

2 hours

Question 19

Is it necessary for food to be withheld from rodents?

Answer 19

No

Question 20

Why is it not recommended to intubate a rabbit?

Answer 20

Because of a disease called ileus

Question 21

Should mice and rats be intubated?

Answer 21

No because they are too small

Question 22

What is the fluid rate for an animal under anesthesia?

Answer 22

10 ml/kg/hr

Question 23

How much volume does an animal lose during anesthesia that should be replaced?

Answer 23

3x their body weight

Question 24

What routes can fluids be given?

Answer 24

IV, IP, SQ

Question 25

At what size can you use the prepared concentration of a medication?

Answer 25

The size of a rabbit

Question 26

What should you consider anesthetically with a rabbit?

Answer 26

They are easily frightened, difficult to intubate, and in dorsal recumbency, their abdominal viscera may interfere with their diaphragm movement and venous return

Question 27

What should you consider anesthetically with a guinea pig?

Answer 27

They are difficult to intubate due to pharyngeal anatomy, their soft pallete is continuous with the base of the tongue so the glottis can not be visualized (palatal ostium), they also have a large cecum which contains 65% of their GI contents in addition to storing food in their mouths

Question 28

What should you consider anesthetically with a hamster?

Answer 28

They hold food in their cheeks and tend to bite

Question 29

What should you consider anesthetically with a zebra?

Answer 29

They are equines, but don’t always use the same doses as domestic equines for anesthesia