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Anatomy Ashley > Chapter 21 > Flashcards

Chapter 21 Flashcards

1
Q

Three functions of the lymphatic system

A

Fluid recovery immunity lipid absorption

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2
Q

Length

A

The recovered fluid

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3
Q

Lymphatic vessels

A

Transport the lymph

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4
Q

Lymphatic tissue

A

Composed of aggregates of lymphocytes and macrophages that populate many organs of the body

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5
Q

Lymphatic organ

A

Cells are especially concentrated set off from surrounding organs by connective tissue capsules

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6
Q

What percentage of fluid filtered in the capillary bed gets reabsorbed

A

85%

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7
Q

What happens to the fluid that is not reabsorbed at the venule end of the capillary bed

A

Reabsorb excess and return it to the blood fluid continually filters from blood capillaries into the tissue spaces

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8
Q

Where will this fluid be returned

A

Blood

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9
Q

Which vessels are primarily endothelium

A

Lymphatic capillaries

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10
Q

What is the function of the valves

A

Bacteria are phagocytized and immune cells monitor the fluid for foreign antigens

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11
Q

What part of the body does the right lymphatic duct drain what does the right lymphatic duct empty into?

A

Receives from The right arm and right side of the thorax and head

Empties into right subclavian vein

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12
Q

What part of the body do the cisterna Chyli and thoracic duct drain what does the thoracic duct empty into

A

Drains all of the body below the diaphragm

the left upper limb and the left side of the head neck and thorax empties into the subclavian vein

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13
Q

How does lymphatic flow differ from venous return

A

Lymphatic system has no pump like the heart and lymph Lowe’s at even lower pressure and speed then venous blood

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14
Q

Six processes that aid the flow of lymph

A

Rhythmic contractions valves of lymphatic vessels skeletal muscle arterial Pulsation thoracic pump collecting ducts

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15
Q

Natural killer cells

A

Large lymphocytes that attack and destroy bacteria transplanted tissues and cells that have become infected

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16
Q

T lymphocytes

A

Lymphocytes that mature in the thymus

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17
Q

B lymphocytes

A

Lymphocytes that turn into plasma cells that secrete antibodies mature in bone marrow

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18
Q

Macrophages

A

Very large phagocytotic cells of the connective tissue’s develop from monocytes

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19
Q

Dendritic cells

A

Branched mobile APCs found in the epidermis mucous membranes am in lymphatic organs

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20
Q

Lymphatic tissue

A

Lymphocytes in the connective tissue of mucous membranes and organs

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21
Q

Diffuse lymphatic tissue

A

The lymphocytes are scattered rather than densely clustered

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22
Q

Mucosa associated lymphatic tissue

A

Body passages open to the exterior

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23
Q

Lymphatic nodules follicles

A

Lymphocytes and macrophages congregate in dense masses which come and go as pathogen’s invade the tissues

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24
Q

Peyers patches

A

Lymphatic nodules abundant clusters are formed

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25
Q

Difference between primary lymphatic organs and secondary lymphatic organs

A

Red bone marrow and thymus where BNT lymphatic organs primary become immunocompetent recognize and respond to antigens secondary lymphocytes migrate to these organs only after they mature in the primary

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26
Q

Primary lymphatic organs

A

Red bone marrow and thymus

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27
Q

Secondary lymphatic organs

A

Lymph nodes tonsil spleen

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28
Q

Two functions of lymph nodes

A

To cleanse the lymph

Act as a site of T and b cell activation

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29
Q

How does lymph filter through the node

A

Flows from different lymphatic vessels into the subcapsular sinus percolates slowly through the sinuses of the cortex and medulla and leaves node through lymphatic vessels that emerge from the helium

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30
Q

Areas of the body where lymph nodes are concentrated

A

Cervical axillary thoracic abdominal intestinal mesenteric inguinal popliteal

31
Q

Red bone marrow

A

Important supplier of lymphocytes to the Immune system

32
Q

Thymus

A

Houses developing lymphocytes and secretes hormones that regulate their later activity

33
Q

Spleen

A

Largest lymphatic organ allows red blood cells to leave the bloodstream erythrocyte graveyard

34
Q

Pharyngeal

A

Tonsil found in the wall of the pharynx behind nasal cavity

35
Q

Palatine

A

Tonsil found on Posterior margin of the oral cavity

36
Q

Lingual

A

Tonsil found on patches on each side of the root of the tongue

37
Q

Pathogens

A

Viruses bacteria fungi another microbes that cause diseases

38
Q

First line of defense

A

External barriers skin and mucous membranes

39
Q

Second line of defense

A

Leukocytes macrophages natural killer cells inflammation fever

40
Q

Third line of defense

A

Immune system defeats pathogens but leaves with memory enabling one to defeat so quickly

41
Q

Nonspecific defenses

A

Defend equally against a broad range

42
Q

Specific immunity

A

Body must develop a separate immunity to each pathogen

43
Q

Nonspecific defenses

A

Protective proteins Keratin

Protective sells neutrophils and macrophages

Protective processes fever and inflammation

44
Q

Mast cells

A

Type of connective tissue cell similar to basophils

45
Q

Interferons

A

Proteins secreted when certain cells are infected with viruses

46
Q

Complement system

A

Globulins that contribute to resistance and adaptive immunity

47
Q

Hyperemia

A

Increasing blood flow beyond normal

48
Q

Bradykinin

A

Pain from

Nerves

49
Q

Platelet derived growth factor

A

Agent that stimulates fibroblast to multiply and synthesize collagen

50
Q

Cellular immunity

A

Employs lymphocytes that directly attack and destroy foreign cells

51
Q

Humoral immunity

A

Employs antibodies do not directly destroy a pathogen

52
Q

Natural active immunity

A

Production of an antibody as a result of natural exposure to an antigen

53
Q

Artificial active immunity

A

Vaccination against disease

54
Q

Natural passive immunity

A

Temporary that results from acquiring antibodies produced by another person

55
Q

Artificial passive immunity

A

Injection of an immune serum obtained from another person

56
Q

Antigens

A

Molecule that trigger an immune response some are venoms toxins

57
Q

Where are both T cells and B cells produced

A

Lymph nodes spleen bone marrow mucous membranes

58
Q

Where do T cells develop

A

Thymus

59
Q

Where do T and B cells go once their immunocompetent

A

Lymphatic tissues and organs bone marrow lymph nodes tonsils

60
Q

Cytotoxic T cell

A

Carry out the attack on foreign cells

61
Q

Helper T cells

A

Hugh moral immunity and nonspecific resistance

62
Q

Regulatory T cells

A

Inhibit multiplication and cytokine secretion by other T cells prevents auto immune disease

63
Q

Memory T cells

A

Memory in cellular immunity

64
Q

Twocells involved in the attack phase

A

Helper cell
attract neutrophils and it natural killer cells attractive macrophages stimulate T and B mitosis

Cytotoxic cell
Delivers lethal hit of chemicals to destroy disease to sell and go searching for enemy

65
Q

Main function of plasma cells

A

Secrete antibodies that travel throughout the body in the blood and other body fluids

66
Q

Neutralization

A

Antibody’s mask active regions

67
Q

Complement fixation

A

Inflammation immune clearance

68
Q

Agglutination

A

Immobilizes microbes and antigen molecules

69
Q

Precipitation

A

Complexes removed by immune clearance or phagocytized by Eosinophils

70
Q

Primary response

A

Exposed to antigen for the first time

71
Q

Secondary response

A

Response is rapid no illness results

72
Q

Autoimmune disease

A

Fails to distinguish self antigens from foreign ones attack bodies own tissues

73
Q

Immunodeficiency disease

A

Group of disorders scarcity or absence of both T and B cells

Anatomy Ashley (9 decks)

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