Attitudes

Question 1

2 attitude definitions

Answer 1

1. an evaluation of an object (dislike - like)

2. a cognitive association b/w an object and the evaluation

Question 2

elaboration likelihood model of attitude formation

Answer 2

central: lots of thinking required, important decision
peripheral: doesn’t require a lot of thinking

Question 3

What are the 3 types of variables for someone forming an attitude?

Answer 3

Source, Message, and Recipient factors

Question 4

Source Attractiveness?

Answer 4

If a person is more attractive, they are more persuasive (attractive not just physically)

Question 5

Source Credibility? (2 things needed to be credible)

Answer 5

Needs 1) expertise and 2) trustworthiness, aka ability and willingness to give accurate info.

Question 6

Message Argument Strength?

Answer 6

Determines if a person likes the message or not

Question 7

What is a 2 sided message?

Answer 7

When you give a counterargument alongside your argument to make yours stronger. (Inoculation procedure)

Question 8

How does the intelligence of a person determine their persuasion?

Answer 8

Smarter people are less likely to be easily persuaded.

Question 9

What was the result of the Classic La Pierre Study?

Answer 9

1) attitudes could’ve been determined by situational norms such as politeness
2) High vs low normative constraint situations
Attitudes only determine behavior for certain kinds of people

Question 10

Are people with high self-monitoring behaviors’ more or less determined by the situation?

Answer 10

More because they want to modify their behavior to fit in with the situation.

Question 11

What is Fishbein’s attitude specificity?

Answer 11

Says that attitude can change as you get more specific, your attitude towards a whole thing can be positive but about a part of it could be negative.

Question 12

To predict a behavior what should you look at?

Answer 12

The attitude towards the behavior and not towards the object. (features of the object vs consequences of the behavior)

Question 13

According to the theory of reasoned action, what are the two factors that go into your intention?

Answer 13

Your attitude towards the behavior and the social norm regarding it.

Question 14

Are people with high self monitoring more or less likely to lean towards subjective norms?

Answer 14

More, want to fit in with the norms

Question 15

Define Stereotype

Answer 15

Peoples belief about members of a social group and their traits

Question 16

Define Prejudice

Answer 16

A (usually negative) attitude toward members of some group based SOLELY on their membership in that group.

Question 17

Define Discrimination

Answer 17

Negative actions towards objects of prejudice.

Question 18

What is the Assimilation Effect on Judgement?

Answer 18

Stereotypes are used as a heuristic for judgement

Question 19

What is Subtyping?

Answer 19

Coming up with categories that people can be in within their stereotype, allows someone to be prejudiced against some people of a group and not others.

Question 20

What is Modern Racism?

Answer 20

Denial of discrimination, not approving of special treatment for minorities (Affirmative Action)

Question 21

What is the Realistic Conflict Theory of Prejudice?

Answer 21

There aren’t enough resources on Earth for everyone to live comfortably, so we compete with other social groups for resources

Question 22

What is the Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis/ Displaced Aggression Theory of Prejudice?

Answer 22

Show aggression towards everyday things where you can’t express it (i.e. boss firing you) towards groups that can’t fight back (minorities)

Question 23

According to the Illusory Correlation model, what behaviors are more likely to be remembered?

Answer 23

Those of a minority group and negative ones. (We’re built to remember things that are memorable in 2 ways even more, therefore minority group AND negative behaviors stick with us)

Question 24

To assume someone meets a stereotype of their group is assuming________

Answer 24

Homogeneity ( that everyone in that group is the same)

Question 25

We assume ____ of our ingroup and _____ of an outgorup

Answer 25

Heterogeneity, Homogeneity

Question 26

How do you reduce stereotypes through social learning?

Answer 26

Alter the way your kids see prejudice

Question 27

What 4 things need to be present for the contact hypothesis to reduce prejudice?

Answer 27

1) Both groups must be of equal status
2) Need to be working towards a common goal
3) In an informal situation
4) People don’t confirm stereotypes but also won’t be subtyped out

Question 28

What is the Extended Contact hypothesis?

Answer 28

If people you know have close relationships with people in out groups, you will have less prejudice

Question 29

What is Benevolent Sexism?

Answer 29

To have a “positive” opinion of women, but to view them as helpless creatures who need to be taken care of (won’t hire women because they’re not hardworking)

Question 30

Define Tokenism

Answer 30

Hiring just a few minorities or women to appear not discriminatory

Question 31

What is a + and - of tokenism

Answer 31

+: proves that minorities can do well

-: people think they only got the job because of status, can cause them to do poorly

Question 32

Does the mere exposure effect need to be conscious?

Answer 32

No

Question 33

What are 2 things that Episodic Exposure and your liking of a person are determined by?

Answer 33

Target person and the context person or event you see them in

Question 34

How does the Need To Affiliate affect interpersonal attraction?

Answer 34

Increases it

Question 35

What is Mortality Salience?

Answer 35

The awareness that we don’t live forever, can increase the need to affiliate

Question 36

What is the Social Comparison Theory?

Answer 36

Emergency situations lead people to come together in order to reduce our anxiety and get information/feel safer.

Question 37

Why do you consider a “morphed” face more attractive than the average of all the faces that made it?

Answer 37

Because the morphed face’s features are closer to ‘‘average” which is what we’re most used to seeing, more comfortable with, and therefore more attracted to.

Question 38

What is the physical attractiveness stereotype?

Answer 38

Assuming that more attractive people have better social skills, somewhat true

Question 39

When is attitude similarity least important and most important in interpersonal liking?

Answer 39

Least: at the beginning, rely more on proximity and appearance
Most: later on