Chapter 3

Question 1

Sociological research technique in which the researcher actually becomes simultaneously both participant and observer of that which she or he studies

Answer 1

Participant observation

Question 2

Defined the scientific method which involves several steps in the research process, including observation, hypothesis testing, analysis of data and generalization

Answer 2

Sir Francis Bacon

Question 3

Creating a specific research question about a focus. That is based on a more general or universal principle

Answer 3

Deductive reasoning

Question 4

Reverses logic; arrives at general conclusions from specific observations

Answer 4

Inductive reasoning

Question 5

Research that is repeated exactly but on a different group of people or in a different time and place

Answer 5

Replication study

Question 6

Overall logic and strategy underlying a research project

-consistent use an observational technique best suited to a particular research question

Answer 6

Research design

Question 7

Uses numerical analysis reduces the data into numbers

Answer 7

Quantitative research

Question 8

Is somewhat less structured and quantitative research yet still focuses on essential research question
-allows for more interpretation and he wants in what people say and do and that’s can provide an in-depth look at a particular social behavior

Answer 8

Qualitative research

Question 9

Characteristic of a person or group that can have more than one value or score

Answer 9

Variable

Question 10

I am changing the result

Answer 10

Independent variable

Question 11

The result

Answer 11

Dependant variable

Question 12

that fall between in dependent and independent variables

Answer 12

Intervening variables

Question 13

Abstract characteristics or attributes that can potentially be measured

Answer 13

Concept

Question 14

Something that points to or if that’s an abstract concept

Answer 14

Indicator

Question 15

The degree to which accurately measures of reflects the concept

Answer 15

Validity

Question 16

If repeating a measurement under the same circumstances gives the same result

Answer 16

Reliability

Question 17

Phenomenon in which people change their behavior if they know they’re being studied

Answer 17

Hawthorne effect

Question 18

Princess yeah just gather original data

Answer 18

Primary data

Question 19

Data that has already been gathered and organized by some other party

Answer 19

Secondary data

Question 20

Any subset of people of a population

Answer 20

Sample

Question 21

Relatively large collection of people that a researcher studies about which generalizations are made

Answer 21

Population

Question 22

Gives everyone in the population in equal chance of being selected

Answer 22

Random sample

Question 23

The process by which sociologist organize collect the data to discover the patterns and uniformities that the data reveal

Answer 23

Data analysis

Question 24

Something that emerges from a study that was not anticipated

Answer 24

Serendipity

Question 25

Ability to draw conclusions from specific data into apply them to a broader population

Answer 25

Generalization

Question 26

Percentage of questionnaires return out of all those distributed

Answer 26

Return rate

Question 27

Will solicit data about the respondent such as income, occupation, employment status, age, race, gender etc.

Answer 27

Survey questionnaire

Question 28

People must reply from a list of possible answers (multiple choice)

Answer 28

Closed ended questions

Question 29

Respondent is allowed to elaborate on their answer

Answer 29

Open ended question

Question 30

Sociologist William Foote Whyte

-documents one of the 1st qualitative participant observation studies ever done

Answer 30

Street Corner Society

Question 31

A person with the whom the participant observer works closely in order to learn about the group

Answer 31

Informant

Question 32

Members of the group being studied do not know that they are being researched

Answer 32

Covert participant observation

Question 33

Members of the group DO know they are being

Answer 33

Overt participation observation

Question 34

Highly organized mini society with its own social hierarchy

Answer 34

Social stratification

Question 35

How do you focused with collecting data there are two groups: experimental and control

Answer 35

Controlled experiments

Question 36

Exposed to the doctor or variable one is examining

Answer 36

Experimental

Question 37

Not expose this after or variable

Answer 37

Control group

Question 38

Group randomly assigned to the experimental group a control group

Answer 38

Experimental randomization

Question 39

Measurement made before experiment

Answer 39

Pretest

Question 40

Measurement made after the experiment

Answer 40

Posttest

Question 41

A way of measuring by examining the cultural artifacts of what people write, say, see and hear

Answer 41

Content analysis

Question 42

Newspapers, magazines, TV programs, popular music

Answer 42

Cultural artifacts

Question 43

Assesses the effect of policies and programs on people in society

Answer 43

Evaluation research

Question 44

Research intended to produce policy recommendations

Answer 44

Policy research

Question 45

Reveal the true purpose of the experiment

Answer 45

Debriefing

Question 46

Getting agreement to participate from the respondents after they are informed of the purposes of the study

Answer 46

Informed consent