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Pharmacology > Exam 2 Required Drugs > Flashcards

Exam 2 Required Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Carprofen (Rimadyl)

A

NSAID
No Cox-1:Cox-2 selectivity
Avoid in cats
GI, renal, hepatic issues (esp. labrador retrievers)

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2
Q

Ketoprofen (Ketofen)

A

NSAID
No Cox-1:Cox-2 selectivity
GI, renal, hepatic issues
APPROVED IN HORSES

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3
Q

Deracoxib (Deramaxx)

A

NSAID
Highly selective for Cox-2
Well tolerated by dogs

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4
Q

Flunixin Meglumine (Banamine, Flunixamine)

A

NSAID
Most broadly used in large animals
WITHDRAWAL TIMES
No Cox-1:Cox-2 selectivity

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5
Q

Phenylbutazone

A

NSAID
No Cox-1:Cox-2 selectivity
DO NOT USE IN FOOD ANIMALS

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6
Q

Tepoxalin (Zubrin)

A

NSAID
DUAL ACTING
Inhibit both COX-1/2 AND LOX

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7
Q

Griseofulvin (Fulvicin)

A

Antifungal
Treats dematophytosis
Absorption best with “ultramicrosize particles” and fatty meals
Hepatic metabolism 6x faster in animals than humans
Teratogenic, BM suppression, toxic in CATS

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8
Q

Amphotericin B

A

IV Antifungal

Nephrotoxic

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9
Q

Ketoconazole (Nizoral)

A

ONLY IMIDAZOLE THAT CAN BE GIVEN ORALLY
Dermatophytosis AND systemic disease
Suppresses cytochrome p450 enzymes
Also used for hyperadrenocorticism

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10
Q

Itraconazole (Sporonox)

A

Triazole antifungal
Treatment of choice for Sporotrichosis
May cause cutaneous vasculitis in dogs

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11
Q

Fluconazole (Difulcan)

A

Broad spectrum antifungal
Crosses BBB
SAFE for liver

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12
Q

Terbinafine (Lamisil)

A

Allylamine antifungal
Treatment of dermatophytosis
Does not suppress cytochrome enzymes
Slow elimination

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13
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

Chemo drug- alkylating agent
Hepatic activation, renal excretion
May cause sterile hemorrhagic cystitis (bladder toxicity, poss TCC)
Cause SIADHS- syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion

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14
Q

Chlorambucil

A

Chemo drug- alkylating agent
Renal excretion
Substitute for Cytoxan, used to treat lymphocytic leukemia and feline GI lymphoma

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15
Q

Lomustine

A

Chemo drug- alkylating agent
ORAL
First-pass hepatic metabolism
Passes BBB

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16
Q

Procarbazine (Matulane)

A

Chemo drug- alkylating agent

LOPP/MOPP rescue protocol

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17
Q

Cisplatin

A

Chemo drug- alkylating agent
Causes fatal pulmonary edema in cats
Treats osteosarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma
Can be given intralesional

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18
Q

Carboplatin

A

Chemo drug- alkylating agent

SAFE FOR CATS

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19
Q

Methotrexate

A

Chemo drug- antimetabolite
Crosses BBB
Most commonly used for lymphoma, CNS tumors, osteosarcoma

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20
Q

Cytosine Arabinoside

A

Chemo drug- antimetabolite
Can be given by CRI
Crosses BBB
Treats renal lymphoma, lymphoma rescue, CNS tumors

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21
Q

Doxorubicin

A

Chemo drug- antibiotic
Metabolized by liver
Turns urine orange
May cause anaphylaxis, vesicant, cardiotoxicity (can cardioprotect with dexrazoxane)

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22
Q

Mitoxantrone

A

Chemo drug- antibiotic
LSA rescue, TCC, Thyomas
VERY EXPENSIVE
Turns urine blue/green

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23
Q

Dactinomycin (Actinomycin D)

A

Chemo drug- antibiotic
Excretion in urine, feces
DOES NOT CROSS BBB
Non-cardiotoxic substitute for Doxorubicin

24
Q

Vincristine

A

Chemo drug- plant alkaloid
Hepatic excretion
May cause peripheral neuropathy (can’t feel limbs)

25
Q

Vinblastine

A

Treats MAST CELL TUMORS

26
Q

L-asparaginase

A

Chemo drug- enzyme
Destroys asparagine in cancer cells
ONLY DRUG THAT IS NOT MYELOSUPPRESSIVE

27
Q

Toceranib, Masitinib

A

Chemo drug- targeted cell therapy
Oral
Used to treat MAST CELL TUMORS

28
Q

Diazepam

A

Anti-epileptic drug
GABA activation
Functional tolerance after 1 week
Causes idiosyncratic hepatic necrosis in cats

29
Q

Phenobarbital

A

BEST drug to control seizures
Affects GABA
Sedative effects wear off as tolerance develops
Produces increased ALP (so know that this is not evidence of liver dysfunction)
WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS, don’t stop Tx abruptly

30
Q

Bromide

A

Anti-epileptic drug
Not controlled
Action diminished by Na, Cl levels (need stable diet, may cause “pseudohyperchloremia”)
TOXIC TO CATS: fatal idiosyncratic pulmonary disease

31
Q

Zonisamide

A

Anti-epileptic drugs

Metabolized by liver

32
Q

Levetiracetam (Keppra)

A

Inhibits synaptic vesicle proteins SV2A (blocks Ca channels to prevent NT release)
SAFE in cats and rabbits

33
Q

Doxapram

A

CNS stimulant
Respiratory stimulant
ONLY use during laryngeal exam

34
Q

Caffeine

A

CNS stimulant

Respiratory stimulant

35
Q

Theophylline

A

CNS stimulant
Used as bronchodilator
May cause tachyarrhythmias

36
Q

Dexamethasone

A

Corticosteroid
Most widely used across species
Long-acting, rapid onset, little MCR activity
Risk of GI bleeding, colonic perforation

37
Q

Prednisone/prednisolone

A

Corticosteroid
Use prednisolone in cats and horses (have a hard time converting prednisone)
Don’t use in animals with corneal ulcers, infections

38
Q

Methylprednisolone

A

Corticosteroid
No MCR activity
Sodium succinate formulation: rapid effect
Acetate formulation: VERY LONG ACTING

39
Q

Morphine

A

Opioid
Natural alkaloid from poppy seed
High first-pass metabolism via glucoronide conjugation
Class 2

40
Q

Nalaxone

A

Opioid toxicity reversal
Short half-life
Expensive

41
Q

Butorphanol

A 
Opioid
Good analgesic 
Effective anti-tussive
Class 4
Excitation in horses
42
Q

Fentanyl

A

Opioid
Transdermal patches
Used illegally as stimulant in horses
Class 2

43
Q

Mannitol

A

Osmotic diuretic
Acts on all segments, especially loop of Henle
Used to treat cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure
Contraindicated in cases of heart failure

44
Q

Furosemide

A

Loop diuretic
Acts on thick ascending limb
Used to treat pulmonary edema associated with CHF
Increases K, Ca, Mg excretion
Causes renal vasodilation, increased renin secretion, and increased venous capacitance

45
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A 
Thiazide diuretic
Acts on distal tubule
Used with loop diuretic to treat refractory heart failure
Increased K and Mg excretion
Decreased Ca and urate excretion
Not effective at low GFR
46
Q

Spirinolactone

A

Aldosterone antagonist diuretic
Acts on late distal tubule and collecting duct
Used to treat hyperaldosteronism, cirrhosis
Decreased K loss = K SPARING DIURETIC

47
Q

Acetazolamide

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor Diuretic
Acts on proximal tubule
Used in treatment of glaucoma

48
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

A

H1 antihistamine
Used to treat acute allergic rxns, motion sickness, insomnia
Crosses BBB
Adverse effects: CNS and anticholinergic

49
Q

Cyproheptadine

A 
H1 antihistamine 
Serotonin antagonist
Appetite stimulant
Antipruritic
Used in horses to treat photic head shaking and PPID
Adverse effects: CNS, anticholinergic
50
Q

Selegiline

A

Used to treat canine cognitive dysfunction
Increases dopamine activity
Adverse effects: GI signs, CNS effects

51
Q

Fluoxetine (Prozac)

A

SSRI
FDA approved in dogs for anxiety
Adverse effects: anorexia, seizures

52
Q

Mirtazapine

A

Atypical antidepressant
Appetite stimulant
Antiemetic
Adverse effects: drowsiness, sedation, vocalization, tachycardia

53
Q

Trazadone

A

Used for hospitalization anxiety, post-op recovery
Adverse effects: GI, ataxia, hypotension
Less cardiovascular effects than other anti-anxiety meds

54
Q

Cisapride

A

Increases acetylcholine release
Prokinetic: treats GI stasis, reflux esophagitis, constipation, megacolon (cats)
Well tolerated

55
Q

Odansetron (Zofran)

A

Potent antiemetic

Use in cats is controversial

Pharmacology (3 decks)

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