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HTH 210 - Medical Termnology > Chapter 6 - The Skeletal and Muscular Systems > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - The Skeletal and Muscular Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Combining Form: arthr/o

A

Joint

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2
Q

Combining Form: articul/o

A

Joint

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3
Q

Combining Form: Burs/o

A

Purse or Sac, Bursa

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4
Q

Combining Form: Carp/o

A

Wrist

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5
Q

Combining Form: Chondr/o

A

Gristle, Cartilage

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6
Q

Combining Form: Condyl/o

A

Knuckle of a joint

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7
Q

Combining Form: Cost/o

A

Rib

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8
Q

Combining Form: Cran/o, Crani/o

A

Skull, Cranium

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9
Q

Combining Form: Fasci/o

A

Fascia

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10
Q

Combining Form: Femor/o

A

Thigh, Femur

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11
Q

Combining Form: Fibr/o

A

Fiber

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12
Q

Combining Form: Fibul/o

A

Fibula

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13
Q

Combining Form: Ili/o

A

Flank, Hip, Groin, ilium of the pelvis

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14
Q

Combining Form: Ischi/o

A

Haunch, Hip Joint, Ischium

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15
Q

Combining Form: Meniscus/o

A

Meniscus

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16
Q

Combining Form: Muscul/o

A

Muscle

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17
Q

Combining Form: My/o, Myos/o

A

Muscle

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18
Q

Combining Form: Myel/o

A

Bone Marrow

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19
Q

Combining Form: Orth/o

A

Street

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20
Q

Combining Form: Ost/o, Oste/o

A

Bone

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21
Q

Combining Form: Pariet/o

A

Wall

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22
Q

Combining Form: Patell/o

A

Patella

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23
Q

Combining Form: Ped/o

A

Child

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24
Q

Combining Form: Petr/o

A

Stone

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25
Q

Combining Form: Phalang/o

A

Phalanges

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26
Q

Combining Form: Phys/o

A

Growth

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27
Q

Combining Form: Pub/o

A

Pubis

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28
Q

Combining Form: Radi/o

A

Radius

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29
Q

Combining Form: Sacr/o

A

Sacred, Sacrum

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30
Q

Combining Form: Skelet/o

A

Skeleton

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31
Q

Combining Form: Spondyl/o

A

Vertebra

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32
Q

Combining Form: Stern/o

A

Chest, Sternum

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33
Q

Combining Form: Synov/o, Synovi/o

A

Synovial

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34
Q

Combining Form: Tars/o

A

Tarsal Bone

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35
Q

Combining Form: Ten/o, Tendon/o

A

Stretch, Tendon

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36
Q

Combining Form: Vertebr/o

A

Vertebra

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37
Q

Musculoskeletal System

A

The skeletal and muscular system combined that works together to produce body movement

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38
Q

Muscle

A

An organ composed of mainly skeletal muscle tissue and connective tissue

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39
Q

Tendons

A

Tough, dense bands of connective tissue that connect bones; as a muscle shortens by length due to contraction, it pulls on the tendons attached to the bones to produce body movement

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40
Q

Synovial Joints

A

Knee and shoulder: allows for the greatest ROM and filled with a shock absorbing fluid called synovial fluid

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41
Q

Ligaments

A

Bands of dense connective tissue that extend from bone to bone to stabilize and strengthen joints

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42
Q

Orthopedic

A

Branch of medicine focusing on diseases such as those of the skeletal and muscular system; I.E. infections, tumor development, endocrine disease, and inherited disorders

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43
Q

Prefix: A-

A

Without, absence of

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44
Q

Prefix: Brady-

A

Slow

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45
Q

Prefix: Dys-

A

Bad, abnormal, painful, difficult

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46
Q

Prefix: Hyper-

A

Excessive, Abnormally high, above

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47
Q

Combining Form: Kinesi/o

A

Motion

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48
Q

Combining Form: Tax/o

A

Reaction to a stimulus

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49
Q

Combining Form: Ten/o

A

Stretch, Tendon

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50
Q

Combining Form: Troph/o

A

Development

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51
Q

Suffix: -a

A

Singular

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52
Q

Suffix: -Algia, -dynia

A

Condition of pain

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53
Q

Suffix: -is

A

Condition of

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54
Q

Suffix: -y

A

Process of

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55
Q

Arthralgia

A

Condition of joint pain; first symptom of joint or bone disease, common complaint following injury to a joint

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56
Q

Ataxia

A

The inability to coordinate muscles during a voluntary activity; sign of a nervous system disorder that is often inherited

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57
Q

Atrophy

A

Reduction in muscle strength due to disuse, a sign of reduced muscle size; reversible when healing is complete and muscle activity is restored

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58
Q

Bradykinesia

A

Abnormally slow movement is a clinical sign of an underlying bone, muscle, or nervous disorder; condition of slow motion

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59
Q

Decalcification

A

Abnormal reduction of calcium in the bone caused by a hormonal disorder upsetting the calcium balance between the bloodstream and the bone; TX- combination of hormonal therapy, a diet rich in calcium and vitamin D & mild exercise

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60
Q

Dyskinesia

A

Condition of bad, abnormal, painful or difficult motion

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61
Q

Dystrophy

A

Symptom or progressive muscle weakness; resulting from a genetic mutation is a common symptom of nine known forms of disease which appear during early childhood and are collectively called muscular dystrophies

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62
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Sign of excessive muscle growth or development; produced by the addition of protein to muscle fibers stimulated by strenuous muscle activity

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63
Q

Myalgia

A

When muscle cell activity exceeds the capacity of the cell to obtain and use oxygen during metabolism and oxygen debt causes the cell to metabolize without oxygen (anaerobic respiration) resulting in the buildup of lactic acid in the muscle tissue; condition of muscle pain

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64
Q

Tenodynia

A

Minor injury to one or more tendons, often lasting weeks or months

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65
Q

Combining Form: Sarc/o

A

Flesh, meat

66
Q

Combining Form: Scoli/o

A

Curved

67
Q

Combining Form: Por/o

A

Hole

68
Q

Combining Form: Carcin/o

A

Cancer

69
Q

Combining Form: Leuk:o

A

White

70
Q

Combining Form: Khyph/o

A

Hump

71
Q

Combining Form: Lord/o

A

Bent forward

72
Q

Prefix: Epi-

A

Upon, over, above, on top

73
Q

Prefix: Para-

A

Alongside, abnormal

74
Q

Prefix: Poly-

A

Excessive, over, many

75
Q

Prefix: Quadri-

A

Four

76
Q

Suffix: -ptosis

A

Drooping

77
Q

Suffix: -plegia

A

Paralysis

78
Q

Suffix: -plasia

A

Formation, growth

79
Q

Suffix: -osis

A

Condition of

80
Q

Suffix: -Oma

A

Tumor

81
Q

Suffix: -malacia

A

Softening

82
Q

Suffix: -Genesis

A

Origin, cause

83
Q

Suffix: -emia

A

Condition of blood

84
Q

Suffix: -cele

A

Hernia, swelling, protrusion

85
Q

Suffix: -asthenia

A

Weakness

86
Q

Achondroplasia

A

Disease that causes dwarfism, genetically determined and involves the abnormal lack of growth of long bones

87
Q

Ankylosis

A

condition of crooked, joints are abnormally stiff and movement is difficult; may follow arthritis, which may damage the joint structure

88
Q

cramp

A

prolonged, involuntary muscular contractions cause pain wherever they occur. often striking the stomach wall or thigh muscules after strength exercise

89
Q

DJD

A

degenerative joint disease; disease of the joints in which cartilage undergoes degeneration and is often replaced with bone; arthritis is a common form of DJD

90
Q

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

A

DMD, disease causing skeletal muscle degeneration resulting in progressivve muscle weakness and deterioration.

91
Q

epicondylitis

A

inflammation of the small bony elevations on the humerus near the elbow joint due to an injury

92
Q

fibromyalgia

A

disease of unknown origin that produces widespread pain musculoskeletal structures of the limbs, face, and trunk.

93
Q

fracture, pg 127

A

clinical term for a break in a bone, most common are simple (closed, in which the fracture is not visible from the skin) or compound (open) parts of the fractured bone physically penetrate from the skin to cause bleeding

94
Q

gout

A

sharp pain in the joints of the toes, especially the big toe; exacerbated by a diet high in protein caused by an abnormal accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joint which are waste products of protein metabolism, commonly found in men

95
Q

herniated disk

A

rupture of an intervertebral disk that causes pressure against the spinal cords or nerves to produce back pain and is regarded as the most common musculoskeletal disease

96
Q

kyphosis

A

upper thoracic cure bends posteriorly, causing an abnormal hump at the upper back

97
Q

lordosis

A

exaggerated anterior spinal curve in the lumbar area

98
Q

scoliosis

A

lateral curvature of the spine with a congenital origin, usually in the thoracic area

99
Q

marfan’s syndrome

A

ecessive cartilage formation at the epiphysal plates (growth plates), forming abnormally long limbs and a tall, thin body form; heart valves also are deformed, resulting in valvular heart disease

100
Q

meniscitis

A

inflammation of a crescent shaped band of cartilage that supports certain joints that results in joint pain, dereived from the greek word “meniscus” meaning crescent moon

101
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

characterized by a progressive failure of muscles to respond to nerve stimulation; serious muscle weakness

102
Q

myeloma

A

malignant tumor asociated with the red bone marrow site, arises when a type of white blood call (plasma cell) undergoes mutations to form a tumore that first appears in red bone marrow

103
Q

myocele

A

injury to a muscle that may cause the muscle to tear through the fascia, causing a protrusion

104
Q

myositis

A

local inflammation, common result of muscle injury

105
Q

osteitis

A

inflammation of the bone due to exposure to infection

106
Q

osteitis deformans

A

paget disease, results in bone deformities due o a failure of bone remodeling (balance of bone loss and bone deposition); strikes roughly 1% of the adult population in the US above 50 yrs old; inherited but triggered by a virus

107
Q

osteosarcoma

A

bone cancer arising from connective tissue (usually within the bone itself, striking mostly within children and teens

108
Q

leukemia

A

condition of white blood; high levels of deformed white blood cells in a blood sample that are diagnostic of a disease

109
Q

osteogenesis imperfecta

A

inherited disease; impaired bone growth and fragile bones; severe bone pain, skeletal deformities and frequent fractures

110
Q

osteomalacia

A

disease resulting in the softening of the bones

111
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of the red bone marow caused usually by a bacterial infection, inflammation of red bone marrow and bone

112
Q

osteoporosis

A

abnormal loss of bone density as a result of aging, loss of posture and flexibility; “condition of holes in bone”

113
Q

paraplegia

A

loss of the sensation or voluntary movement of the area of the body below the hips, including both legs

114
Q

quadriplegia

A

loss of sensation or voluntary movement of all four limbs

115
Q

polymyositis

A

inflammation of many muscles; autoimmune disease as a result of the body’s own white blood cells attacking muscle tissue

116
Q

rickets

A

bones become softened due to the excessive removal of calcium for other body functions; caused by a lack of calcium and/or vitamin d in the diet; resulting in the bowing of legs and growth retardation

117
Q

rotator cuff injury

A

trauma to the shoulder that can tear one or more tendons and muscles that can cause local inflammation, pain and joint dislocation

118
Q

spinal cord injury

A

trauma to the vertebral column, can cause paralysis of areas of the body below the vertebral level of the injury

119
Q

aondylarthritis

A

inflammation of joints of vertebrae; incommon condition of intervertebral joints that leads to a gradual inability to flex and bend the back

120
Q

sprain

A

tear of collagen fibers within a ligament, caused by stretching the ligament beyond its normal range without warming or slow stretching

121
Q

strain

A

caused by stretching a muscle beyond its normal range, causes a bruise due to the tearing of muscle tissue and capillary damage

122
Q

temporomandibular joint disease

A

frequent dislocation of the lower jaw that makes it difficult and painful to move the jaw during speaking and chewing

123
Q

tendonitis

A

rotator cuff tendonitis; inflammation of a tendon -> common sports injury

124
Q

tenosynovitis

A

inflammation of the synovial membrane surrounding the joint

125
Q

arthrocentesis

A

procedure in which excess fluids are aspirated or withdrawn by suction through a surgical puncture into the synovial cavity of the joint

126
Q

arthroclasia

A

procedure in which an abnormally stiff joint is broken during surgery to increase the ROM; after, ROM exercises are used to increase muslce strength and joint mobility

127
Q

arthodesis

A

surgical fixation of a joint

128
Q

arthrogram

A

xray of a joint after injection of contrast media, air, or both to highlight the synovial joint, prior to joint surgery

129
Q

artholysis

A

a joint is loosened of abnormal restrictions such as calcium deposits and bursoliths

130
Q

arthroplasty

A

procedure in which the goal is to repair a joint’ joint replacement

131
Q

arthroscopy

A

endoscopic visual examination of a joint cavity that uses fiber optics, live action photography, and computer enhancement;

  • uses an arthroscope
  • procedure is called arthroscopic surgery
132
Q

arthrotomy

A

a surgical incision into the synovial cavity of a joint

133
Q

bursectomy

A

surgery involving the removal of a bursa from a joint

134
Q

chiropractic

A

field of therapy that is centered on manipulation of bones and joints, most commonly on the vertebral column

135
Q

chondrectomy

A

surgical excision or removal of the cartilage associated with a joint, uses arthroscopy to reduce the size of the incision and improve the surgeon’s view.

136
Q

chondroplasty

A

surgical repair of the cartilage associated with a joint

137
Q

costectomy

A

surgery involving the removal of a rib

138
Q

cranioplasty

A

when one or more bones of the cranium undergoes repair during surgery

139
Q

craniotomy

A

prerequisite to performing surgery of the brain, the surgeon enters the cranial cavity

140
Q

diskectomy

A

sugical procedure that is used frequently to reduce the pain of a herniated disk by surgically removing the intervertebral dis

141
Q

spinal fusion

A

when the adj vertebrae are fused together following the removal of a herniated disk

142
Q

spondylosyndesis

A

surgical fixation to connect vertebrae

143
Q

laminectomy

A

the part of a vertebra known as the lamina is surgically removed to relieve pressure on the spinal cord

144
Q

electromyography

A

an instrument electrically stimulates a muscle and the resuting contraction is recorded and analyzed on a computer

145
Q

fasciotomy

A

surgical incision into the connective tissue surrounding a muscle called facia

146
Q

fracture reduction

A
  • closed: manipulating the bone without surgery during reduction
  • open: if surgical intervention is needed to realign the broken area
  • internal fixation: pins, screws, rods or plates used to stabilize realignment
  • external fixation: metal rods and pins are attatched from outside the skin surface
  • if normal healing process is impeded, bone grafting or electrical bone stimulation may be applied to stimulate the healing process
147
Q

myoplasty

A

muscle undergoes surgical repair

148
Q

myorrhaphy

A

procedure of suturing the torn ends of a muscle together

149
Q

NSAIDs

A

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; most common pharmaceutical txt for any condition, including inflammation or pain of muscle or bone tissue

150
Q

orthotics

A

field of medical support involving the construction and fitting of orthopedic appliances such as lifts, artificial limbs and retraction devices to assist a patient
-specialist: orthotist

151
Q

prosthesis

A

artificial limb

152
Q

ostectomy

A

surgical removal or excision of bone tissue, removes bony and unwanted formations

153
Q

osteoclasis

A

breaking a bone purposely to correct a defect or an improperly healed fracture

154
Q

osteopathy

A

medical field that emphasizes the relationship b/t the musculoskeletal system and overall health with an emphasis on body alignment and nutrition

155
Q

osteoplasty

A

surgical repair of bones

156
Q

podiatry

A
  • greek word: podos- foot

- specialy that focuses on foot health

157
Q

RICE

A

REST
ICEthe injury that affects mobility of the leg
COMPRESSION
ELEVATION

158
Q

Tenomyoplasty

A

surgical procedure involving the repair of noth muscle and tendon

159
Q

tenorrhaphy

A

surgical intervention that helps correct the injury that affects mobility of the leg on the calcaneal tendon of the ankle

160
Q

tenotomy

A

procedure during which one or more incisions are made into a tendon

161
Q

vertebroplasty

A

surgical procedure that repairs damaged or diseased vertebrae

HTH 210 - Medical Termnology (11 decks)

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