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PT 549 Exercise Physiology > Skeletal Muscle Structure > Flashcards

Skeletal Muscle Structure Flashcards

1
Q

If you have more glycogen you will haven more water. T/F

A

True

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2
Q

Glycogen provides what?

A

In muscle to provide carbs for energy

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3
Q

Fat in muscle cells is good for endurance? T/F

A

True

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4
Q

How much muscle mass is lost until it’s deathly?

A

30%

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5
Q

Surgery creates a catabolic situation. Loses muscle mass. T/F

A

True

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6
Q

Skeletal Muscle Organization

A 
Whole muscle (belly)
Muscle fascicle (bundle of m.fibers)
M.fibers (muscle cell)
Myofibril (sarcomeres in series)
Sarcomere (Z-disc to Z-disc)
Myofilament (actin and myosin)
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7
Q

Sarcomere

A

Z line to Z line
Thin - actin
Thick - myosin

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8
Q

Costamere

A

Attaches myofibril to sarcolemma

Comes off z-line and goes lateral to muscle line of pull, pulls on costamere then sarcolemma

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9
Q

Costamere transmits which direction?

A

Lateral, parallel

There are different types of costameres (3)

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10
Q

What happens if you get a disruption of one protein?

A

Can cause muscle problems in patients! Entire muscle can get scarred!

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11
Q

Intermediate filaments

A

Around myofibrils and hold them in place

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12
Q

Titan

A

Largest molecule of protein in muscle
PEVK domain - important
Helps keep the thick filament centered between 2 Z-lines during contraction, believed to control the # of myosin molecules contained in the thick filament

As sarcomere lengthens passive tension increases.

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13
Q

What provides passive tension in muscles?

A

PEVK titan

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14
Q

Titan

A

Large molecule that’s wound up (protein), expands and provides higher tension and contributes to force of muscle specifically eccentric of muscles.

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15
Q

What combines to Troponin C for myosin to move and bind to actin? Tropomyosin to move and expose site.

A

4 Ca++

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16
Q

Troponin T binds to

A

Tropomyosin

17
Q

Troponin I binds to

A

G-actin

18
Q

ATPase is responsible for

A

Breaking down ATP

19
Q

Why are there lots of actin surrounding myosin?

A

So when it opens it can easily attach

20
Q

M line

A

Strength & integrity of muscle fiber
Stabilizes thick-filament lattice
Thicker in Type 1 - high fatigue resistance, faster contracting, postural, holds up longer overtime, slow oxidative)

21
Q

What creates an AP in motor neuron?

A

Alpha-neuron

22
Q

What does Ca++ do for muscle contraction?

A

Binds to troponin C and get action…

The opening of Ca++ channels causes vesicles emptying of ACh into synaptic cleft

23
Q

What causes the diffusion of post-synapse and combines w ACh receptor R?

A

Na+ and K+ permeability, depolarization of muscle cells

24
Q

THe DHP channel is connected to what receptor in the SR that causes Ca++?

A

Ryanodine

25
Q

The reason for lack of production in muscle

A

Disruption in DHP/Ryanodine receptors, reduced number of junctions in older adults.

26
Q

E-C coupling

A

Conversion of electrochemical energy into mechanical energy

27
Q

Men and women both produce 4-6pM on one myosin head. T/F

A

True

28
Q

What is the one difference men vs women at the molecular level?

A

Testosterone levels

29
Q

What makes a triad?

A

T-tubule lined by two sarcoplasmic reticula

30
Q

Too much Ca++ released can cause

A

Twitch and tetanic tension

Too much can have muscle damage

31
Q

Once ca gets in how fast does Ca need to get removed?

A

Fast! Back into SR.

Calmodulin
Parvalbumin
Calquestrin

Can lead to fatigue/cramping if Ca++ doesn’t get back to SR fast enough

32
Q

ATP is needed for

A

Myosin and actin release

33
Q

Winding Filament

A

Titan involved in twists at end of actin for shortening and passive tension

34
Q

Optimal length of sarcomere

A

2.0-2.2 micrometers!

35
Q

Too much overlap or not enough overlap causes lost of force production. T/F

A

True

PT 549 Exercise Physiology (11 decks)

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