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300CH14EYES > Ch14ClassNotesEYES > Flashcards

Ch14ClassNotesEYES Flashcards

1
Q

Bony orbital cavity

A

protects the eye

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2
Q

Additional protection from

A

eyelids (injury, strong light, dust); and lacrimal apparatus

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3
Q

humans have what kind of vision

A
  1. Human have a binocular, single-image visual system
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4
Q

Extraocular muscles (EOMs)

A

a) straight and rotary movement

b) conjugate movement—parallel axis of movement in both eyes

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5
Q

Movement of EOMs stimulated by three cranial nerves:

A

a) CN VI (abducens)
b) CN IV (trochlear)
c) CN III (oculomotor)

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6
Q

3 layers of the eyes

A

Sclera; choroid; retina

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7
Q

Outer layer—sclera

A

tough protective white covering; Continues anteriorly as smooth, transparent cornea

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8
Q

(Outer layer—part of the sclera) cornea is

A

refracting medium-bends light rays and focus on retina

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9
Q

(Outer layer—part of the sclera) corneal reflex is

A

stimulation of cornea causes blinking

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10
Q

CN V (trigeminal)

A

afferent sensation to brain

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11
Q

CN VII (facial)

A

efferent message-stimulates blinking

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12
Q

Middle layer—choroid

A

darkly pigmented, Continuous anteriorly with iris
Highly vascularized—delivers blood to retina
Iris: controls amount of light admitted to retina
In bright light—the eye contracts and accommodates for near vision
In dim light—the eye dilates and accommodates for far vision

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13
Q

Middle layer/choroid—size of pupil is determine by balance

A

balance between parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system

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14
Q

Middle layer/choroid—Stimulation of parasympathetic

A

CNII pupil constricts

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15
Q

Middle layer/choroid—Stimulation of sympathetic

A

CNII pupil dilates, eyelid elevates

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16
Q

Middle layer/choroid—Lens

A

biconvex disc posterior to pupil

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17
Q

lens

A

biconvex disc posterior to pupil

Serves as refractory medium—bulges for focusing on near objects; flattens for far objects

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18
Q

what retinal structures are viewed with ophthalmoscope?

A

Viewed: optic disc; retinal vessels; general background; macula

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19
Q

Intraocular pressure (IOP)

A

determined by balance between amount of aqueous humor produced and resistance to outflow at angle of the anterior chamber

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20
Q

what does aqueous humor do?

A

delivers nutrition, drains metabolically and is a refraction median

21
Q

Pupillary Light Reflex; different light reflex

A

constriction of one pupil occurs with a blind ete because of sensory afferent CN II is destroyed

22
Q

Pupillary Light Reflex; consensual light reflex occurs

A

simultaneous constriction of the other pupil is the normal response

23
Q

Pupillary Light Reflex; consensual light reflex occurs

A

simultaneous constriction of the other pupil is the normal response

24
Q

intraocular pressure is determine by

A

the balance between the amount of aqueous produces and resistant to its outflow at the angle of the anterior chamber

25
Q

Accommodation

A

adaptation of the eye for near vision; convergence of axes of the eyes when changing focus from far vision to near vision

26
Q

How to examine for Accomdation

A

ask the person to focus on a distant object this process dilates the person. then have to person shift the gase to a near object such as your finer held out about 3 inches. A normal response includes pupillary constriction and convergence of the axes

27
Q

Infants and Children: Macula (keenest vision)

A

absent at birth; mature by 8 mo.

28
Q

Infants and Children:

Eye movements poorly coordinated at birth; By 3-4 mo what is established?

A

binocularity established

29
Q

Infants and Children:

80% babies born farsighted

A

this decreases by age 7-8

30
Q

Aging Adults: Lens loses elasticity

A

becomes hard and glass-like

31
Q

Aging Adults: decrease

A

Decreased ability to change shape to accommodate for near vision

32
Q

Aging Adults: By age 40

A

50% have presbyopia—so may need images magnified

33
Q

Aging Adults: By age 70

A

normally transparent fibers of lens begin to thicken and yellow called cataracts

34
Q

arcus senilis

A

white ring around the periphery of the cornea, seen in the aged

35
Q

Most common causes of decreased visual functioning:

A

cataract formation, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) , diabetic retinopathy

36
Q

what is Glaucoma

A

optic nerve neuropathy; loss of peripheral vision caused by ↑IOP

37
Q

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

A

a) yellow deposits & neovascularity in macula; loss of central vision

38
Q

Subjective Data

A

a) Vision changes; pain

Ask about acute onset of floaters, halos around lights, loss of peripheral vision, blind spot

b) Strabismus; diplopia
c) Redness, swelling—one or both eyes (see Table 14-6, p. 319)
d) Watering, discharge

39
Q

Subjective data Infant/Children:

A

Ask about vaginal infections in mother at time of delivery (genital herpes, GC lead to risk for eye disease in the newborn)

40
Q

Objective Data: Visual acuity:

A

Visual acuity: use Snellen eye chart to assess; position client 20 feet away

Normal visual acuity—20/20

41
Q

Poor than 20/30

A

refer to eye provider

42
Q

Objective Data: Impaired vision due to:

A

Refractive error
Opacity in the refractory media (cornea, lens, vitreous)
Disorders in the retina or optic pathway

43
Q

refractive error due to

A

opacity in the media (cornea, lens, vitreous)

disorders on the retina or optic pathway

44
Q

Objective Data: Test visual fields

A

Testing for peripheral vision loss

In older adult—screen for glaucoma

45
Q

Objective Data: Diagnostic Positions Test

A

Lead the eyes through six cardinal position of gaze to determine any EOM weakness

There should be parallel tracking with both eyes

Also note nystagmus

46
Q

nyastagmus

A

fine oscillating movement (can be seen with ear or eye disease; MS; brain lesions; overdose of phenytoin)

47
Q

Objective Data: Other assessment

A

Check lateral canthus for pallor

Check sclera for jaundice

Check if pupils are equal (5% have anisocoria)

48
Q

light waves changed into nerve impulses

A

in the retina

300CH14EYES (3 decks)

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