Traumatic and Stress Related Disorders

Question 1

Directly experiencing exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence (direct experience, witnessing trauma happen to someone else, learning of another’s traumatic experience, extreme or repeated exposure to trauma)
Intrusion symptoms that begin following the traumatic event (intrusive memories of the trauma, recurrent bad dreams, flashbacks)
Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the traumatic event (avoidance of distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings about the traumatic event; behavioral avoidance of reminders of trauma)
Negative alterations in thoughts and mood associated with onset of the traumatic event, evidenced by 2+ of the following: inability to remember aspects of the trauma; persistent or exaggerated negative beliefs about oneself or others; persistent distorted self-blame for the trauma; persistent fear, horror, anger, guilt or shame; diminished interest in significant activities; feeling detached or estranged from others
Excessive emotional reactivity (hyperarousal) manifested by: irritability, angry outbursts, reckless or self-destructive behavior, excessively vigilant for threats, exaggerated startle response, poor concentration, light/fragmented sleep or insomnia
The above criteria must have lasted longer than one month
Symptoms produce significant distress or impair social, occupational, or other functioning
Dissociative subtype: derealization and depersonalization

Answer 1

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Question 2

Emotional or behavioral symptoms that develop in response to an identifiable stressor(s) within 3 months of the onset of the stressor(s) plus either or both marked distress that is out of proportion to the severity/intensity of the stressor and/or significant impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning
Dose not meet criteria for another mental disorder and is not an exacerbation of a preexisting mental disorder
Symptoms do not represent normal bereavement
Symptoms persist for no longer than 6 months after termination of the stressor (or its consequences)
Specifiers: depressed mood, anxious mood, anxiety and depressed mood, disturbance of conduct, mixed disturbance of emotions and conduct, unspecified

Answer 2

Adjustment Disorder

Question 3

Disruption of identity characterized by two or more distinct personality states which may be described as an experience of possession; disruption of marked discontinuity in sense of self and sense of agency accompanied by related alterations in affect, behavior, consciousness, memory perception, cognition, and/or sensory motor functioning
Signs and symptoms may be observed by others or reported by the individual
Recurrent gaps in recall of everyday events, important personal information, and/or traumatic events that are inconsistent with ordinary forgetting
Symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning
Disturbance is not a normal part of a broadly accepted cultural or religious practice
Symptoms are not attributed to physiological effects of substance use or a medical condition

Answer 3

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Question 4

An inability to recall important autobiographic information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature that is inconsistent with ordinary forgetting
Most often localized or selective amnesia for a specific event or events ot generalized amnesia for identity and life history
Symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning
Disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or medical condition
Disturbance is not better explained by another mental disorder
With fuge: purposeful actions for days/weeks occurring when there is a sudden and unexpected travel away from home/work with amnesia

Answer 4

Dissociative Amnesia

Question 5

The presence of persistent or recurrent experiences of depersonalization, derealization, or both:
Depersonalization = experiences of unreality, detachment, or being an outside observer with respect to one’s throughts, feelings, sensations, body, or actions
Derealization = experiences of unreality or detachment with respect to surroundings
Reality testing remains intact
Symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning
Disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or medical condition
Disturbance is not better explained by another mental disorder

Answer 5

depersonalization/derealization disorder

Question 6

Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation
Presence of 9+ of the following: intrusion symptoms, negative mood, dissociative symptoms, avoidance symptoms, arousal symptoms
Duration of the disturbance is 3 days to 1 month after trauma exposure
Disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning
Disturbance is not attributable to physiological effects of a substance or medical condition

Answer 6

acute distress disorder

Question 7

Consistent pattern of inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behavior toward adult caregivers
Persistent social and emotional disturbance
Pattern of extremes of insufficient care, care is presumed to be responsible for the disturbed behavior
Criteria for autism spectrum disorder are not met
Disturbance is evident before age 5 years
Child has developmental age of at least 9 months
Child minimally seeks comfort when distressed, minimally responds to comfort, minimal social and emotional responses to others, episodes of unexplained irritability, sadness, or tearfulness, limited expressions of joy, evidence of inadequate basic emotional and social caretaking

Answer 7

reactive attachment disorder