Lecture 1 Pulm anatomy

Question 1

Right lung has ____ lobes, left lobe has ____ lobes. Which has the lingula?

Answer 1

3, 2;

left

Question 2

What is the furthest part of the conducting zone of the respiratory tract? ie area just before start of respiratory zone

Answer 2

terminal bronchiole

Question 3

function of URT (conducting zone): ____, ____, ____ air and vocalizes

Answer 3

warms, humidifies, filters

Question 4

the respiratory zone consists of 3 parts:

Answer 4

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

Question 5

2 types of cells associated with protection of the respiaratory zone:

Answer 5

alveolar MQs (dust cells) and type 2 pneumocytes (septal cells)

Question 6

what is the name of the structure where the trachea birfurcates? where does this occur (ie vertebral level)

Answer 6

carina;

T4 (/T5)

Question 7

_____ is the tendency to collapse airways on expiration

Answer 7

tracheomalacia

Question 8

bronchial tree:
the right lung is split into ___ lobar bronchi. there are ____ segmental bronchi total on the right

the left lung is split into ____ lobar bronchi. there are _____ segmental bronchi

Answer 8

3, 10;

2, 9

Question 9

which main stem bronchi is...
wider ?
more vertical ?
longer ?
more likely to aspirate in?

Answer 9

right, right, left;

RIGHT

Question 10

in empheseyma, the alveolar ____ are destroyed. in pneumonia, the alveolar walls are ____ by ____

Answer 10

septa (walls);

thickened, edema

Question 11

Pneumocytes:

which type is squamous and thin?
which type is cuboidal and clustered?
which is the most common? (97%)

Answer 11

type 1,

type 2,

type 1

Question 12

pneumocytes:

which type performs gas exchange?
which type secretes surfactant?

Answer 12

type 1,

type 2

Question 13

what does surfactant do?

it is made of ____ and ____. what ratio indicates maturity?

Answer 13

reduces surface tension, preventing collapse;

Lecithin (L), and sphingomyelin (S);
normal L:S ratio is > 2

Question 14

2 disease that are due to cilia problems:

both cause ____ and _____

Answer 14

kartagener syndrome, young syndrome;

bronchiectasis, sinusitis

Question 15

Of kartagener syndrome and young syndrome, which causes…

situs inversus?
obstructive azospermia?
inferitility?

Answer 15

kart, young, kart

Question 16

kartagener syndrome is due to a defect in ____

Answer 16

dynein

Question 17

normally, pleural fluid has a high concentration of what type of cells? what is absent, unless there is infection?

Answer 17

high MQs, PMNs are absent

Question 18

what is the dual blood supply to the lungs?

Answer 18

bronchial (from aorta) and pulmonary arteries

Question 19

pulm circulation:
it is a _____ pressure system. the right ventricle has a ____ muscle wall, and is (adaptable/not adaptable) to higher strain

Answer 19

low, thin, not adaptable

Question 20

Pulm HTN is characterized by a mean pulmonary artery pressure greater than ____ at rest. Pulmonary Arterial HTN is characterized by that and also by a _____ less than 15 mm Hg

Answer 20

25 mm Hg;

Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure (aka Left atrial pressure)

Question 21

which of the 2 pleura is sensitive to pain temperature and touch?

the costal pleura/periphery of diaphragm is supplied by the ____ nerve, while the mediastinal pleura/central diaphragm is innervated by the ____ nerve. what is the visceral pleura innervated by?

Answer 21

parietal = sensitive;

intercostal, phrenic;

pulmonary plexus

Question 22

tumor staging:
A. tumor on right with lymphatics on left involved = stage __
B. tumor on right lymph on right involved = stage ___
C. tumor on right with no lymph involved = stage ___

Answer 22

A = 3
B = 2
C = 1

Question 23

float test:

if lungs from baby sink, the baby was born _____
if lungs from the baby float, the baby was born ____

Answer 23

stillborn,

alive

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