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Vascular Boards > Chapter 17: Cerebrovascular testing > Flashcards

Chapter 17: Cerebrovascular testing Flashcards

1
Q

TIA (transient ischemic attack) symptom

A

fleeting neurological dysfunction
symptoms last less than 24 hours
usually embolic from heart or CCA

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2
Q

RIND stands for

A

resolving ischemic neurologic deficit

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3
Q

RIND symptoms

A

last more than 24 hours

complete recovery usually occurs

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4
Q

CVA stands for

A

cerebrovascular accident

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5
Q

CVA symptoms

A

usually last longer than 24 hours

complete recovery does not occur

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6
Q

atheromatous plaque

A 
form of arteriosclerosis
localized accumulations of lipid containing material (atheroma)
smooth muscle cells
collagen
fibrin
platelets
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7
Q

atheromatous plaque is formed

A

within or beneath the intima

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8
Q

atheromatous plaque can result in

A

decreased perfusion to brain

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9
Q

fatty streak atheromatous plaque

A

thin layer of lipid material on intimal layer

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10
Q

fibrous plaque atheromatous plaque

A

accumulation of lipids, collagen, elastic fibers

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11
Q

complicated lesion: atheromatous plaque

A

fibrous plaque that includes fibrous tissue, collage, calcium, cellular debris

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12
Q

ulcerative lesion: atheromatous plaque

A

deterioration of smooth surface of the fibrous cap

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13
Q

ulcerative lesion plaque may result in

A

distal embolization

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14
Q

intra-plaque hemorrage

A

evident on B mode as sonolucent area within plaque

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15
Q

thrombus is

A

collection of RBC trapped within a fibrin network

clumps of platelets may also be present

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16
Q

pulsatile mass in neck is usually

A

tortuous CCA, aneurysms are rare

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17
Q

Carotid dissection

A

sudden tear or trauma
creates a false lumen
blood in false lumen may thrombose
high resistance doppler flow in “blind pouch”

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18
Q

Fibromuscular dysplasia FMD is most commonly caused by

A

dysplasia of media along with over growth of collagen in mid/dst ICA

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19
Q

Fibromuscular dysplasia is common in

A

young women

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20
Q

FMD appearance

A

sting of beads on angiography

21
Q

Carotid body is

A

a small structure located just above the carotid bifurcation

22
Q

a carotid body tumor is

A

highly vascular structure that developrs between the CIA and ECA
usually fed by the ECA

23
Q

treatment for carotid body tumor

A

ligation of feeding vessel

usually the ECA

24
Q

Neointimal hyperplasia is

A

intimal thickening from rapid production of smooth muscle cells
a response to vascular injury/reconstruction (post cartoid endarterectomy)

25
Q

what happens in neointimal hyperplasia

A

stripping of endothelium leads to platelet accumulation and smooth muscle cell accumulation

26
Q

out come of neointimal hyperplasia

A

a significant stenosis may occur within 6-24 months

27
Q

bruit

A

noise heard from turbulent flow
associated with stenosis
may not be evident with really tight stenosis (>90%)

28
Q

common sites for bruit evaluation

A

carotid

subclavian artery

29
Q

taking bilateral blood pressure measurements is recommended why

A

to detect proximal obstruction (subclavian steel)

30
Q

the left hemisphere of the brain controls what side of body

A

the right side of body

31
Q

left hemispheric CVA results in

A

neurological deficits on the right side of the body

32
Q

eye symptoms (amaurosis fugax) suggest diseases of what

A

ipsilateral ICA

33
Q

symptoms seen with ICA lesion

A

unilateral paresis
unliateral paresthesia
aphasia
amaurosis fugax

34
Q

unilateral paresis

A

weakness of slight paralysis on one side of body

35
Q

unliateral paresthesia

A

prickling or tingling of the skin

36
Q

aphasia

A

inability to speak

37
Q

amaurosis fugax

A

temporary partial or total blindeness usuall of one eye

38
Q

myopia

A

nearsightedness

not consistent with ICA lesion

39
Q

homonymous hemianopia

A

defective vision in the right and left halves of visual fields
not consistent with ICA lesion

40
Q

symptoms seen with MCA lesion

A

aphasia or dysphasia
facial and arm hemiparesis or hemiplegia
behavorial changes

41
Q

symptoms with ACA lesion

A

severe hemiparesis or hemiplegia
incontinence
loss of coordination

42
Q

symptoms with vertebrobasilar lesion

A 
vertigo
ataxia
diplopia
bilat paresthesia or anethisa
drop attack
43
Q

vertigo

A

difficulty maintaining equilibrium

44
Q

ataxia

A

muscular uncoordination (inability to control gait)

45
Q

diplopia

A

bilat visual blurring or double vision

46
Q

drop attack

A

falling to ground without loss of consciousness

47
Q

symptoms seen with PCA lesion

A

dyslexia
coma
paralysis usually does not occur

48
Q

non localizing symptoms

A

dizziness
syncope
severe headache

Vascular Boards (30 decks)

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