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MedAnatomy > Lower Respi > Flashcards

Lower Respi Flashcards

1
Q

commencement of trachea

A

cricoid cartilage at level of C6

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2
Q

termination of trachea

A

carina

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3
Q

carina divides into right and left principal bronchus at what level

A

sternal angle (T3-4)

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4
Q

how many U shaped cartilaginous rings in trachea

A

15-20

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5
Q

cartilages in trachea are of what kinds

A

hyaline

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6
Q

the trachea is a _______ tube

A

firboelastic

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7
Q

the posterior free ends of the trachea is connected by

A

trachealis muscles

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8
Q

where can the trachea be palpated

A

root of neck, midline in suprasternal notch

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9
Q

length of the trachea

A

4.5 inch (11.25cm)

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10
Q

diameter of trachea

A

1 in (2.5cm)

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11
Q

located anterior to the trachea

A 
skin 
fascia 
isthmus (2nd to 4th ring) 
inferior thyroid vein 
jugular arch 
thyroidea ima artery
sternothyroid 
sternohyoid muscles
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12
Q

located posterior to the trachea

A

right and left recurrent laryngeal nerves

esophagus

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13
Q

located lateral to trachea

A

lobes of thyroid

carotid sheath and contents

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14
Q

anterior to the superior mediastinum of the thorax

A 
sternum
thymus
left brachiocephalic vein
origins of the brachipcephalic and left common carotid arteries
arch of aorta
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15
Q

posterior the superior mediastinum of the thorax

A

esophagus

left recurrent laryngeal nerve

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16
Q

to right side of superior mediastinum

A

azygos vein
right vagus nerve
pleura

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17
Q

to the left side of the superior mediastinum

A

arch of the aorta
left common carotid
left subclav art
pleura

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18
Q

nerve supply of the trachea

A

sensory (vagus, reccurent)

sympathetic nerves

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19
Q

blood supply of trachea

A 
inferior thyroid art (upper 2/3)
bronchial artery (lower 1/3)
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20
Q

lymph drainage of trachea

A

pretracheal and paratracheal lymph nodes

deep cervical nodes

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21
Q

2 parts of th pleura

A

parietal

visceral

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22
Q

2 layers of the pleura become continuous with one via

A

cuff of pleura

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23
Q

surrounds strucutres entering and leaving the lung at the hilum

A

cuff of pleura

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24
Q

separates visceral and parietal pleura, for minimum friction

A

pleural cavity

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25
Q

parietal pleura according to region

A

cervical
costal
diaphragmatic (lower 8 10 12)

mediastinal

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26
Q

suprapleural membrane aka

A

Sibson’s fascia

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27
Q

cervical pleura reaches until

A

1-1.5 inches above medial third of clavicle

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28
Q

lines the under surface of the suprapleural membrane

A

cervical pleura

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29
Q

lines inner surface of the ribs, costal cartialges, ICS, back fos ternum and sides of vertebral body

A

costal pleura

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30
Q

cover the thoracic surface of the doaphragm

A

diaphragmatic pleura

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31
Q

itsura ng costal at diaohragmatic pleura during quiet respi

A

side by side

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32
Q

itsura ng costal at diaphragmatic pleura during deep inspi

A

separate

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33
Q

covers and forms the lateral boudnary of mediastinum

A

mediastinal pleura

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34
Q

the mediastinal plerua is reflected as a cuff aroudn the vessels and bronchi where

A

lung hilum

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35
Q

pleura sensitive to temp, pain, touch, pressure

A

parietal

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36
Q

pleura sensitive to stretch

A

visceral

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37
Q

nerve supply of the visceral pleura

A

autonomic supplt from pulmonary plexus

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38
Q

nerve supply to costal pleura

A

intercostal nerves

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39
Q

nerve supply to mediastinal pleura

A

phrenic

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40
Q

nerve supply to diaphragmatic pleura

A

phrenic enrve - domes

lower 6 intercostal -periphery

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41
Q

how manys ites not fully occupied uring quiet inspiration

A

4

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42
Q

4 sites not fully occupied during quiet inspiration

A

right and left costodiaphragmatic recess

right and left costomediastinal recess

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43
Q

costal and diaphragmatic come together during ____

A

expiration

44
Q

slit-like spaces between costal and mediastinal parietal pleura situated along anterior margins of pleura

A

right and left costomediastinal recess

45
Q

during insi and expi, ____________ slides ina dn out of the costomediastinal recess

A

apex of lungs

46
Q

bifurcation of the trachea into right and left bronchi is where

A

behind arch of aorta

47
Q

respiratory bronchioles divide into _____ alveolar ducts that enter te sacs

A

2-11

48
Q

wider bonchus

A

right

49
Q

shorter bronchus

A

right

50
Q

narrower bronchus

A

left

51
Q

longer bronchus

A

left

52
Q

stems of right bronchus

A

eparietal

hyparietal

53
Q

stems of left bronchus

A

hyparietal only

54
Q

branch of right bornchus before entering hilum

A

superior lobar bronchus

55
Q

branch of right bronchuis on entering hilum

A

middle and inferior lobar bronchus

56
Q

what arches of the right bronchus

A

azygos vein

57
Q

branches of left bronchus upon entering hilum

A

superior and inferior lobar

58
Q

path of left bronchus

A

passes to the elft below arch of aorta in front of esophagus

59
Q

lung are separated from each other by

A

heart and great vessels

60
Q

lungs are attached to mediastinum only by its

A

roots

61
Q

projects upwards 1inch above clavicle

A

blunt apex

62
Q

lung surface that sits on diaphragm

A

concave base

63
Q

lung surface due to concave cesht wall

A

concave costal surface

64
Q

lung surface molded into the epricardium and medistinal structures

A

concave mediastinal surface

65
Q

depression in which bronchi, vessels, nerves enter and leave the lungs

A

hilum

66
Q

Mapped out by drawing a convex upward from sternoclavicular joint to point 1 inch (2.5cm) above junction of medial and intermediate thirds of the clavicle

A

apex of lungs

67
Q

anterior border of right lung

A

behind sternoclav joint > downward almost reaching midline behind sternal angle > downward to xiphisternal joint

68
Q

anterior border of left lung

A

similar until 4th costal > deviates laterally to form cardiac notch

69
Q

produced by heart displacing the left lung

A

cardiac notchq

70
Q

lower border of the lungs

A

6th rib midclav line
8th rib midaxill
10th rib adjacent to vertebra column

71
Q

posterior border of the lungs

A

spine of C7 to T10

1.5 inches from midline

72
Q

which lung is larger, 3 lobes, and has oblique and horizontal fissures,

A

right

73
Q

which lung is smaller, 2 lobes and no horiz fissures

A

left

74
Q

fissure found in both lungs

A

oblique

75
Q

fissure found in right lung only

A

horizontal

76
Q

this follows the course of the 6th rib

A

oblique fissure

77
Q

Can be indicated by drawing a line from root of spine of the scapula obliquely downward, laterally, and anteriorl

A

oblique fissure

78
Q

Divides superior lobe producing middle lobe

A

horizontal fissure

79
Q

saang level ang horizontal fissure

A

4th costal cartilage

80
Q

where does horizontam meet oblique fissure

A

midaxillary line

81
Q

bounded by horizontal and oblique fissures

A

middle lobe

82
Q

bronchial arteries are branches of

A

descendign aorta

83
Q

supplies connective tissue of lungs, visceral pleura, bronchi

A

bonrchial artery

84
Q

bronnchial arteries drain into

A

azygous and hemiazygous

85
Q

carries deoxygenated blood to alveoli

A

pulmonary artery

86
Q

carries oxygenated blood and empties into ______

A

pulmonary veins

left atrium

87
Q

nerves found at root of lung

A

ulmonary plexus

88
Q

fibers of pulmonary plexus

A

efferent and afferent autonomic fibers

89
Q

pulmonary plexus is from where

A

bracnhes of sympathetic trunk

90
Q

where doe the pulmonary plexus gets its parasympa fibers

A

vagus enrve

91
Q

sympathetic efferent fibers of the lungs produces

A

bronchodilatio n

vasocon

92
Q

parasympathetic efferent fibers of lungs produces

A

bronchoconstr
vasocil
increased galdnular secretion

93
Q

the superficial or subpleural plexus of lymph nodes drains what

A

srains over sufrace of lungs to hilum

94
Q

lymph vessel of superficial plexus enters what

A

bronchopulmonary nodes

95
Q

course of deep plexus of lymphs

A

along bronchi toward hilum

96
Q

all lymph nodes drains into ________ then _______ then ______

A

tracheobronchial nodes >
branchomediastinal lymph trunks >
subclav vein

97
Q

anatomic, functional, surgical units of the lungs

A

bronchopulmonary segments

98
Q

components of each segment

A

Pulmonary artery
Lymphatic vessels Autonomic nerve supply
Respiratory bronchiole, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs

99
Q

pulmonary veins run where

A

connective tissue between adjacent segments(outside the segment)

100
Q

seen running in connective tissues between adjacent segments

A

pulmonary veins

101
Q

upon entering the bronchopulmonary segment what happens

A

seg bronchus divides

bronchi becomes smaller (U shape replaced by irreg plates)

rise to bronchioles <1 mm wide

rise to terminal bronchioles 0.5 mm wide

alveolar ducts

alveolar sacs

102
Q

main characteristics of bronchopulmonary segments

A

subdivision of lung lobe
pyramid shape
apex towards lung root

103
Q

formed of structures entering or leaving the lung

A

root of the lung

104
Q

components ng roots of lungs

A

bronchi
pulmo artery and vein
lymph vesssels
bronchial vessels

105
Q

what surrounds the root of the lung

A

tubular sheath of pleura

MedAnatomy (7 decks)

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