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Med Screening Exam 2 > Screening For Cancer > Flashcards

Screening For Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main categories of cancer?

A
  1. carcinoma- 85% of cancers (skin, intestines, breast and lung)
  2. sarcoma- connective tissue origin, mostly in children (bone, cartilage, muscle)
  3. bloodborne- leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma
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2
Q

What are top 3 new cancers in males?

A
  1. prostate
  2. lung
  3. colon
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3
Q

What are top 3 new cancers in females?

A
  1. breast
  2. lung
  3. colon
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4
Q

What is 1 cancer death in males and females?

A
  1. lung
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5
Q

How many men and women will get cancer in their lifetime?

A

46% of male, 38 % of women

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6
Q

What are top 3 childhood cancers?

A
  1. leukemia
  2. brain
  3. soft tissue sarcoma
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7
Q

For cancer screening what are three major parts?

A
  1. review PMH
  2. clinical presentation (7 warning signs)
  3. associated signs and symptoms
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8
Q

What are two different types of skin cancers?

A

squamos cell- benign

malignant melonoma- bad

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9
Q

What are 7 warning signs?

A 
CAUTION
C- changes in bowel/bladder
A- sores that don't heal
U- unusual bleeding
T- thickening or lumps
I- indegestion or dysphagia
O- obvious changes in warts/moles
N- Nagging cough or hoarseness
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10
Q

What are 2 PT related signs of cancer?

A

proximal mm weakness (glute atrophy), DTR

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11
Q

Where are most common sites for mestastacies?

A

integ, pulm, neuro, MS, hepatic

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12
Q

What is acronym for integ mets?

A

ABCDE

Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
Evolving
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13
Q

What are other symptoms of integ mets?

A

cluster of moles, bleeding from mole, tenderness around mole

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14
Q

What are signs of MS mets?

A

deep bone pain, decreased WB tolerance, pathological fx, hypercalcemia, back and rib pain

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15
Q

What are the most common MS sites?

A

Vertebrae (T, L), Ribs, skull, femur

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16
Q

What are sx of neuro mets?

A

drowsiness, HA, N/V, bilateral numbness and tingling, mental status change, vision problems, balance issues, DTR changes, paraneoplastic syndrome

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17
Q

What is paraneoplastic syndrome?

A

group of rare disorders that are triggered by an abnormal immune response to a cancerous tumor

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18
Q

What is Para syndrome most common with?

A

ovarian, breast, lung, hodgkins

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19
Q

What are 4 types of para syndrome?

A

endocrine, neuro, MS, hematological

20
Q

What are sx of pulm mets?

A

dyspnea, wheezing, productive cough (yellow, green, rusty), plural pain

21
Q

What are sx of hepatic mets?

A

RUQ tenderness, jaundice (eyes), ascites, B CTS, palmar erythema, R shoulder pain

22
Q

What are general risk factors?

A

over 50, ethnicity, immediate family history, environment or lifestyle (80-90% of cases)

23
Q

Do african americans or caucasians have a higher risk for cancer?

A

AA 10% higher, 30% higher mortality rate, less responsive to treatment

24
Q

What are top 3 cancers in Hispanics?

A

stomach liver and uterine

25
Q

What is hereditary cancer syndrome?

A

in two or more family members, cancer in family younger than 50, same type in family, different cancers in 1 person, rare cancer in more than 1 family member

26
Q

How many cancers are bc of modifiable risk factors?

A

obesity, diet and sedentary lifestyle

others- sex, tobacco, ETOH

27
Q

What cancers are associated with ETOH?

A

breast, GI, prostate

28
Q

Whats the difference between UV-A and UV-B?

A

A- tanning beds

B- sunglight

29
Q

What cancer is related to Vietnam war?>

A

agent orange or CLL

30
Q

What are signs of proximal weakness?

A

trendelenburg, SOB, trouble with sit to stand or stair climbing due to not glute muscles

31
Q

What do we need to look for in regards to pain?

A

is it at night and is it constant and are there night sweats

32
Q

Is pain an early or late sign of cancer?

A

late

33
Q

What are 5 paths of pain?

A
  1. bone destruction
  2. visceral obstruction
  3. nerve compression
  4. skin/tissue distention
  5. tissue inflammation or infection
34
Q

What are 4 types of cancer tx?

A
  1. surgery
  2. radiation
  3. chemo
  4. immuno (best option but few can tolerate it)
35
Q

What are common side effects of cancer tx?

A

bone marrow suppression, N/V, fatigue, mouth sores, fluid retention (very common), dehydration, cough, HA

36
Q

What are three kinds of bone marrow suppression?

A

leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia (bleeding)

37
Q

What are aerobic exercise cutoffs?

A

CONTRAINDICATED when
platelets under 50k
Hgb- under 10
WBC under 3 k

38
Q

What do you do if labs value are available for you?

A

take vitals, use RPE, look for signs of infection, thrombo, DVT, dehydration

39
Q

What do vitals look like with anemia?

A

HR up, DBP down

40
Q

What are CP related effects from tx?

A

endurance issues, low exercise tolerance, DOE

common with hodgkins, breast and lung

41
Q

When do you need to refer out?

A

if they are infected, have thrombo( nose bleeding, throwing up), DVT, dehydrated (N/V), electrolyte imbalance (cramping)

42
Q

In adults where does lung cancer usually go to?

A

brain, bone, mediastinum (pan coast)

43
Q

Where does colon usually go?

A

bone (vert), belly, liver, lung

44
Q

Where does breast usually go?

A

bone, lung, liver, brain

45
Q

Where does prostate usually go?

A

bone, bladder, colon

46
Q

Does childhood leukemia usually METS?

A

no bc its everywhere in blood

47
Q

Who should be sent to PCP immediately or soon?

A

lumps and bumps new or changed, lymph node changes, proximal bilateral MM weakness, DTR changes, unexplained bleeding, S and S of METS (bone/night pain, liver pain)

Med Screening Exam 2 (5 decks)

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