Equine Anesthesia

Question 1

What kinds of equine is anesthetic risk of mortality increased in?

Answer 1

Mares in the last third of pregnancy
horses undergoing colic surgery
Horses presenting for # repair with internal fixation
surgery lasting more than 4 hours
foals less than a month of age and horses older than 12 years of age

Question 2

What are the biggest cause of anesthetic related mortality?

Answer 2

Fractures

Dislocation

Question 3

What are the common arrhythmias in horses?

Answer 3

Secondary AV block

Question 4

What are signs of sedation in horses?

Answer 4

head down
droopy lips
sleepy
wide based stance

Question 5

What are used for transquilization in foals?

Answer 5

Benzodiazepine

Question 6

What drug is not used in adult horses?

Answer 6

Propofol

Question 7

What are the advantages of TIVA

Answer 7

Minimal CV respiratory depression

recovery quality may be good

Question 8

What does TIVA for horses include?

Answer 8

GG
Alpha 2 agonist
Xylazine/detomidine/romifidine
Ketamine

Question 9

What is goal for MAP in horses?

Answer 9

Greater than 70mmHg

Question 10

What can low BP lead to in horses?

Answer 10

Myopathy

Question 11

What is the minimum acceptable value for Hemoglobin saturation in horses?

Answer 11

90

Question 12

What is the eye position in horses when they are under the correct depth of anesthesia?

Answer 12

One eye central and one rotated back or forwards
Slow palpebral reflex
lacrimation

Question 13

If there is response to anal stimulation is that the correct dept of anesthesia for a horse?

Answer 13

NO - need to be deeper!

Question 14

What are the NSAIDs used in horses ?

Answer 14

Flunixin

Phenylbutazone

Question 15

What are the Alpha 2 agonists used in horses ?

Answer 15

CRI: Metomidine, dexmedtomidine or detomidine or romifidine

Question 16

What are the Opioids used in horses ?

Answer 16

butorphanol
morphine
methadone

Question 17

What are the problems in equine anesthesia?

Answer 17

Hypotension
Hypoventilation
Hypxemia

Question 18

What are the problems in equine recovery?

Answer 18

Myopathy
Neuropathy
Spinal cord malacia

Question 19

What are the treatments for hypotension in equine anesthesia?

Answer 19

Reduce vaporiser setting
Increase the rate of fluid administration
Use vasoconstrictive drugs

Question 20

What are the treatments for hypoventilation in equine anesthesia?

Answer 20

Reduce anesthetic depth if possible

use IPPV

Question 21

What are the preventions/ treatments for hypoxemia in equine anesthesia?

Answer 21

Increase FiO2
Mechanical Ventilation 
Use beta 2 agonist
Change position of the animal 
Reduce pressure from the abdominal contents

Question 22

How do you prevent myopathy & neuropathy?

Answer 22

Padding

Positioning

Question 23

What are the causes of post-operative myopathy?

Answer 23

Muscle ischemia and inadequate perfusion 
Low MAP less than 70 mmHg
Hypoxemia 
vasoconstriction 
prolonged anesthesia 
larger horses
"compartment" syndrome

Question 24

What is the temperament of donkeys and mules versus horses?

Answer 24

Most stoic and tolerant of intervention

may be suitable for standing procedures

Question 25

What is special about donkeys and mules with alpha 2 agonists?

Answer 25

less senstitive

Question 26

What is special about injectable anesthetic drugs in donkeys and mules?

Answer 26

metabolize ketamine more rapidly

more sensitive ti guaifenesin