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Kines > Running > Flashcards

Running Flashcards

1
Q

running produces forces ___x BW

A

2

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2
Q

running is high _________ and high ________

A

impact and exposure

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3
Q

4 factors leading to running injury

A
  1. high forces
  2. increased exposures
  3. muscle fatigue
  4. faulty mechanics
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4
Q

8 phases of running gait

A
  1. IC
  2. absorption
  3. midstance
  4. propulsion
  5. toe off
  6. initial swing
  7. midswing
  8. terminal swing
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5
Q

running stance:swing

A

35:65

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6
Q

stance/swing ratio is dependent on ______

A

speed

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7
Q

running toe off occurs _______ 50% gait cycle

A

before; two periods of double float

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8
Q

walking toe-off occurs ______ 50% gait cycle

A

after

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9
Q

does walking or running have a higher cycle time?

A

walking

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10
Q

3 joint kinematic changes in running vs walking

A
  1. lower COM
  2. increased ant trunk lean
  3. increased joint excursion
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11
Q

when does max hip extension occur in walking/running?

A

walking: terminal stance
running: early swing

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12
Q

in running, there is increased stance phase ________

A

DF

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13
Q

80% of recreational runners are ____ strikers

A

RF

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14
Q

2 increased internal moments during loading response

A

hip abductor

knee extensor

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15
Q

when are there increased plantarflexor moments seen?

A

stance

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16
Q

power absorption vs generation in reference to muscles

A 
absorption = eccentric
generation = concentric
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17
Q

absorption is followed by a period of ______ which gives runner energy for ____________

A

generation

forward propulsion

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18
Q

when are muscles most active in running?

A

prior to and following IC

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19
Q

top 5 running overuse injuries

A
  1. patellofemoral pain syndrome
  2. ITB syndrome
  3. plantar fasciopathy
  4. medial tib stress syndrome
  5. tibial stress fractures
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20
Q

where do PFPS pts feel pain?

A

around or behind patella

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21
Q

what aggravates PFPS?

A

WB activity that loads PFJ on a flexed knee

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22
Q

4 factors of PFPS kinematics

A
  1. increased hip add
  2. increased hip IR
  3. excessive knee valgus
  4. excessive eversion
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23
Q

anything that causes _______ will increase Q angle

A

lateral rotation of tibia

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24
Q

in pts with PFPS, there is seen to be strength deficits in these three areas

A
  1. abductors
  2. ERs
  3. hip extensors
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25
Q

PFPS:

______ and ______ glut med activation time

A

delayed

shorter

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26
Q

most effective stretching technique for PFPS

A

PNF

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27
Q

PFPS programs most effective with ________ and _______ over those with only __________

A

hip ER/ab

knee extensor

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28
Q

are surgical treatments effective for PFPS?

A

no

29
Q

leading cause of lateral knee pain

A

ITBS

30
Q

4 anthropometric ITBS contributions

A
  1. higher weekly mileage
  2. slower training pace
  3. female gender
  4. short stature
31
Q

explain compression vs friction theories of ITBS

A

friction: increased knee flexion –> increased time spent with knee in “impingement zone”
compression: combined hip add and knee IR

32
Q

landmark that rubs against ITBS

A

lateral femoral condyle

33
Q

prospective ITBS pts have increased _____ and ______ in stance

A

hip adduction and knee IR

34
Q

two weaknesses that can lead to ITBS

A

hip abd/ER

35
Q

best treatment for ITBS

A

hip abductor strengthening

36
Q

main symptom of plantar fasciopathy

A

pain at inside of heel

37
Q

most cases of plantar F resolve within

A

6-18 mo

38
Q

5 anthropometric characteristics of plantar F

A
  1. older age
  2. longer time running
  3. higher weekly mileage
  4. higher weight
  5. sudden increase in intensity/freq/duration of running
39
Q

5 factors of plantar F

A
  1. altered ankle ROM
  2. pes cavus
  3. pes planus
  4. inc magnitude of impact
  5. inc loading rate
40
Q

3 main treatments for plantar F

A
  1. manual therapy
  2. stretching
  3. taping/orthoses/night splints
41
Q

aka shin splints

A

medial tibial stress syndrome

42
Q

where does MTSS pain present?

A

along posteromedial tib

43
Q

people with MTSS will have tenderness when you palpate these three muscles

A
  1. post tib
  2. FDL
  3. soleus
44
Q

2 possible etiologies of MTSS

A
  1. muscle tension

2. bony overload (tib bending)

45
Q

risk factors for MTSS

A
  1. higher BMI
  2. dec ankle PF ROM
  3. dec hip ER
  4. navicular drop
46
Q

increased pronation –> _____________ –> _____________

A

increased tib rotation

higher strains on tibia

47
Q

most promising MTSS intervention

A

extra-corporal shockwave therapy

48
Q

MTSS: little evidence to support _______________ interventions

A

stretching/strengthening

49
Q

most common stress fracture in runners

A

tibial stress fractures

50
Q

5 risk factors for TSF

A
  1. female gender
  2. BMI <21
  3. previous stress fx
  4. inc vertical loading rate and peak tibial shock
  5. altered movement patterns
51
Q

in TSF, ____________ are related to bony fatigue

A

higher loading rates

52
Q

3 techniques to absorb impact w/o using saggital plane leading to TSF

A
  1. inc peak rearfoot eversion
  2. inc knee stiffness
  3. inc hip add
53
Q

2 interventions for TSF

A
  1. activity restriction

2. gait retraining to reduce loading

54
Q

cue to give pt with TSF during gait retraining

A

“run quieter”

55
Q

2 temporospatial measures that can be altered to reduce loading for TSF pts

A

stride length

cadence

56
Q

4 things to look for when IDing running injury

A
  1. inc hip add and/or IR
  2. excessive pronation or rate of pronation
  3. impact (vertical COM displacement)
  4. stride length/cadence
57
Q

in runners, we want to look at strength in a ______ aspect

A

unilateral

58
Q

reasonable mileage increase/week

A

10%

59
Q

4 flexibility components of exam for runners

A
  1. thomas
  2. hamstring 90/90 and SLR
  3. ober
  4. gastroc
60
Q

3 structure components of examination for runners

A
  1. q angle
  2. craig’s test
  3. WB and NWB foot alignment
61
Q

5 dynamic assessment (function) components of examination for runners

A
  1. trendelenberg
  2. 12” forward stepup w reverse lower
  3. single limb squat
  4. 8” forward step down
  5. shoe wear
62
Q

FPPA

A

frontal plane projection angle

63
Q

what makes up FPPA?

A

ASIS - mid patella

mid patella - middle of malleoli

64
Q

two things that higher negative values of FPPA are associated with

A
  1. inc hip add and knee ER

2. inc contralateral pelvic drop and pelvic rotation

65
Q

where could we use FPPA?

A

in runners with ITBS or PFPS

66
Q

4 components of systematic approach to gait analysis

A
  1. all segments
  2. all joints
  3. all views
  4. all phases of gait
67
Q

4 types of instrumented gait analysis

A
  1. quantified kinematics
  2. quantified kinetics
  3. GRFs
  4. joint loading
68
Q

What does craigs test check for?

A

Femoral anteversion

Kines (13 decks)

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