5.5 Animal responses

Question 1

Why do animals respond to their environment?
What do they respond to?

Answer 1

To increase there chances of survival.
They respond to stimuli.

Question 2

What detects stimuli?

Answer 2

receptors

Question 3

What are the two parts of the nervous system?

Answer 3

Central and peripheral
nervous systems

Question 4

What is the two parts of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 4

Autonomic and somatic

Question 5

What does the somatic nervous system do?

Answer 5

Controls conscious activities

Question 6

What does the autonomic nervous system do?

Answer 6

Controls the unconscious activities

Question 7

Give 2 examples of things the autonomic nervous systems controls.

Answer 7

• Heart rate
• digestion

Question 8

What is the autonomic nervous system split into?

Answer 8

The sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems.

Question 9

What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system?
What does it release?

Answer 9

• prepares body for fight or flight
• releases noradrenalin neurotransmitter.

Question 10

What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system?
What does it release?

Answer 10

• The rest and digest system that relaxes body
• releases acetylcholine neurotransmitter.

Question 11

What are the 5 different parts of the brain

Answer 11

• cerebellum
• cerebrum
• hypothalamus
• medulla oblongata
• pituitary gland

Question 12

What is the structure of the cerebellum ?

Answer 12

The largest part of the brain.
Has two halves called hemispheres.
Outer layer called the cerebral cortex which is highly folded.

Question 13

What is the cerebrum’s function?

Answer 13

• Vision
• Hearing
• Learning
• thinking

Question 14

What is the structure of the hypothalamus?

Answer 14

Found beneath the middle part of the brain.

Question 15

What is the role of the hypothalamus?

Answer 15

• Controls and maintains body temperature
• produces hormones that control the pituitary gland

Question 16

What is the location of the medulla oblongata?

Answer 16

Located at the bottom of the brain but top of spine chord

Question 17

What is the function of the medulla oblongata?

Answer 17

• Controls heart rate and breathing rates

Question 18

What is the location and structure of the cerebellum?

Answer 18

Located and the back and bottom of the brain and is also folded.

Question 19

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Answer 19

• Muscle co ordination
• posture
• balance

Question 20

Where is the pituitary gland located ?

Answer 20

Found under the hypothalamus

Question 21

What is the function of the pituitary gland?

Answer 21

• releases hormones and stimulates glands like the adrenal gland.

Question 22

What is a reflex action?

Answer 22

When the body responds to a stimulus without making a conscious decision.

Question 23

Why are reflex actions good?

Answer 23

• Don’t have to spend time thinking about them so protects an organism.

Question 24

What is the pathway for reflex actions?

Answer 24

Stimulus
receptors
SENSORY NEURONE
RELAY NEURONE
MOTOR NEURONE
effector
response

• only has 3 neurones

Question 25

What are the two reflex actions ? How do they work?

Answer 25

• blinking reflex - works to stop eye from damage
• knee jerk reflex - works to quickly straighten leg if quads are suddenly stretched

Question 26

What is the fight or flight responses ?

Answer 26

When an organism is threatened it responds by preparing the body for action. The sympathetic nervous system is triggered .

Question 27

What does the fight or flight response do to the hormones?

Answer 27

Releases adrenalin which causes a faster response

Question 28

What are the effects of adrenaline?

Answer 28

• Heart rate increases so blood is pumped around the body faster
• Muscles around bronchi relax so airways widen
• Glycogen is converted into glucose via glycogenesis so more glucose for muscles to respire
• erector pili muscles contract and this makes hair stand on ends