5.5 Heat Stress Survey Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
What is Heat Stress?
A
Any combination of air temperature, thermal radiation, humidity, airflow, and work load which stress the body as it attempts to regulate temperature.
2
Q
Heat stress becomes excessive when the body’s capability to adjust is what?
A
Exceeded, resulting in an increase of body temperature.
This can cause heat injury or DEATH.
3
Q
What are the Environmental Factors Causing Heat Stress?
A
Thermal Radiation,
Ventilation,
Humidity,
Air/Sea Water Temperature.
4
Q
What is thermal radiation?
A
Sun,
Heat Sources:
Incinerator, Engines, Generators, Laundry Dryers, etc.
5
Q
What is ventilation?
A
Forced Air Systems,
Forced Exhaust Systems.
6
Q
Ventilation:
What is Forced Air Systems?
A
Intake of Outside Air into Workspace,
Spot-Cooling.
7
Q
Ventilation:
What is Forced Exhaust Systems?
A
Removes stagnant or increased concentrations of hazardous fumes or contaminant,
Red Devil Blowers.
8
Q
What is humidity?
A
Moisture in the Air,
Steam Leaks,
Bilge Water,
Condensation.
9
Q
What is Air/Sea Water Temperature?
A
Intake Valves that allow Sea water/Outside Air to be utilized for cooling for shipboard equipment systems.
10
Q
What are the shipboard equipment systems cooled by Sea Water/Outside Air?
A
Refrigeration units,
Engines,
Generators,
Evaporators for Fresh Water Consumption.
11
Q
What is acclimatization?
A
The act of becoming accustomed to temperature or new environment.
12
Q
What happens with the body due to acclimatization?
A
The body becomes more efficient in coping with heat stress.
13
Q
Acclimatization occurs gradually, and takes your body how long?
A
Usually within 3 weeks or more.
14
Q
Personal Factors Associated with Heat:
Past exposure to heat injuries will affect an individual’s ability to adapt to what?
A
New situations,
Decreases the ability to handle heat stress conditions.
15
Q
Personal Factors Associated with Heat:
What health status’s may alter physiological body changes?
A
G6PD,
Sickle Cell Trait.
16
Q
Personal Factors Associated with Heat:
What are the other factors that may affect heat intolerance?
A
Exercise and fluid intake (dehydration),
Medication,
Alcohol Intake,
Lack of sleep,
Drugs.
17
Q
Heat Stress can occur in any space of the what?
A
The ship.
18
Q
What are the spaces of the ship with common heat stress?
A
Machinery Spaces,
Laundries,
Sculleries (PHEL V)/Galleys,
Incinerator Room,
Flight decks.
19
Q
What are causes and contributors to Heat Stress Conditions?
A
Steam and Water Leaks,
Boiler Air Casing Leaks,
Missing/Deteriorated Thermal Insulation,
Ventilation Deficiencies,
Weather Conditions,
Arduous Operation.
20
Q
What does PHEL stand for?
A
Physiological Heat Exposure Limit.
21
Q
What is the physiological heat exposure limit (PHEL) chart?
A
A set of 6 curves that compare the WBGT index and the degree of effort or work rate,
To determine the maximum permissible exposure to the heat stress environment.
22
Q
The PHEL curves and work rates are established by who?
A
Industrial Hygienist,
NAVSEA,
When a class of ships is designed and placed into service.
23
Q
Who determines individual heat stress condition locations?
A
The Industrial Hygienist.
24
Q
The Industrial Hygienist determines individual Heat Stress Condition locations,
The local command creates a locally prepared form, using what instruction manual?
A
OPNAVINST 5100.19,
As a guide for necessary information and routing instructions.
25
Assignment of PHEL Curves:
What are the categories of PHEL curves?
Routine Operations,
Non-Routine Operations,
ECC Exercises,
Heavy Work Load.
26
Assignment of PHEL Curves:
Routine Operations?
Light work, such as:
Sweeping down, painting, cleaning lube oil strainers.
27
Assignment of PHEL Curves:
Non-Routine Operations?
Use the next higher PHEL when determining stay time,
Examples:
Increase in normal watch stander work rate,
Minor equipment casualty.
28
What is an example of a minor equipment casualty?
Ventilation being secured.
29
Assignment of PHEL Curves:
ECC Exercises?
Evacuation Control Center drills.
30
Assignment of PHEL Curves:
Heavy Work Load?
Assign stay time using PHEL VI,
Example:
Replacing large valves, cleaning lube oil sumps and disassembly/ reassembly of large or heavy equipment.
31
What is Stay Time (Work/Rest Cycles)?
Maximum allowable time personnel may work in heat stress conditions at a given workload.
32
What is Recovery Time?
Is defined as a minimum of twice the stay time as determined by the PHEL chart,
Or,
4 hours,
Whichever is shorter.
33
Fuel Combustion Gases,
Stack gas,
Definition?
Combustion gases which may accumulate in a space due to inadequate ventilation or machinery malfunction.
34
Fuel Combustion Gases (Stack Gas):
Physiological effects:
Exposure to stack gases are intensified by?
Heat stress conditions.
35
Fuel Combustion Gases (Stack gas):
What are the effects on the human body?
Causes vasodilatation on peripheral blood vessels which results in further impairment of the cardiovascular system.
36
Fuel Combustion Gases (Stack gas):
Signs and Symptoms?
Watery eyes,
Dyspnea,
Tingling or numbness of the tip of the tongue, tip of the nose, finger tips or toes,
Mild sensation of alcohol intoxication.
37
Fuel Combustion Gases (Stack gas):
Action?
Reduce exposure limits if two or more of the exposure symptoms are detected,
Determine new PHEL using Table B2-A-5 or divide current PHEL stay-time by 3.
38
Who provides the heat stress training?
The MDR.
39
When is heat stress training conducted?
Must provide heat stress training for all newly reporting personnel during indoctrination and annually thereafter.
40
At a minimum, heat stress training must include what?
Hazards,
Symptoms of Exposure,
Heat Stress First Aid,
Heat Stress monitoring,
Causes of Heat Stress.
41
Heat Stress Monitors must receive training within how many weeks, upon assignment?
12.
42
Heat stress monitors, must complete what training?
Complete heat stress surveyor watch station 318,
Of the safety programs afloat personnel qualifications standards (PQS),
NAVEDTRA 43704.
43
Reporting Heat Stress Injuries:
Report using what form?
Accident & Injury Report.
44
Reporting Heat Stress Injuries:
Reports to the Naval Safety Center should be made using what?
The Web Enabled Safety System (WESS).
45
Reporting Heat Stress Injuries:
All Navy heat stress-related injuries should be reported through what?
The Naval Disease Reporting System (NDRS).
46
Reporting Heat Stress Injuries:
If the command does not have access to NDRS, use what report?
Medical Event Report.
MER.
47
Heat Stress Surveys:
All heat stress monitoring reports will be reviewed by who?
The SMDR for inaccuracies and QA checks,
The SMDR will make recommendations based on crew health status.
48
Heat Stress Surveys:
The Supervisor or Engineering Officer of the Watch (EOOW) will make notation of what?
Any existing problems and corrective actions implemented.
49
Heat Stress Surveys:
The heat stress surveyor must check to ensure what?
(Less than, greater than)
That the,
WB < DB,
GT ≥ DB,
WB < WBGT < GT.
50
Heat Stress Surveys:
Prior to Engineering Casualty or Damage Control Training Team (ECCTT/DCTT) drills the Drill Supervisor must be informed of what?
The current STAY TIMES.
51
Heat Stress Surveys:
Routed to who?
XO/CO,
For their comments and required actions, if any are needed.
52
Heat Stress Surveys:
Routine reports where no administrative controls are required, are submitted at what time?
8 o’clock reports,
(2000 time frame).
53
Heat Stress Surveys:
Heat stress surveys that have reduced Stay Times, must be routed through who?
The chain,
With the COs notification achieved, for work shift alterations to occur.
54
Heat Stress Surveys:
ALL REPORTS will be maintained by the SMDR for how long?
1 YEAR.
55
Heat Stress Surveys:
SAMS generated reports?
Are authorized and can be maintained on file by computer storage for periodic inspection by ISIC or higher authority.
56
Evaluation Equipment Individual Elements:
Dry Bulb:
What does it measure?
Measures the ambient air temperature at work sites where heat stress conditions exist.
57
Evaluation Equipment Individual Elements:
Dry Bulb:
Serves as an indicator for what?
Further heat stress monitoring by the use of a WBGT meter.
58
Evaluation Equipment Individual Elements:
Engineer officers assign and qualify supervisors to review what?
DB temperatures.
59
Evaluation Equipment Individual Elements:
Dry Bulb:
Placement of Hanging Dry Bulb?
Shall be permanently mounted at watch and work stations where heat stress may exist.
60
Evaluation Equipment Individual Elements:
Dry Bulb:
Placement of a hanging dry bulb may be temporarily mounted to monitor heat conditions where?
At temporary work sites.
61
Evaluation Equipment Individual Elements:
Dry Bulb:
The hanging dry bulb must be properly shielded from what?
Radiant heat levels or other influencing (heat/cold) factors.
62
Evaluation Equipment Individual Elements:
Dry Bulb:
Accuracy, must be within how many degrees?
Must be within 5° F of the WBGT meter to be representative of the workspace temperature.
63
Evaluation Equipment Individual Elements:
Dry Bulb:
If not within 5° F of the WBGT, the dry bulb thermometer shall be what?
Re-positioned to ensure representative temperature.
64
Evaluation Equipment Individual Elements:
Reading of DB Temperature:
Every 4 hours for manned spaces if DB temperature does not exceed what degree?
85 degree Fahrenheit.
65
Evaluation Equipment Individual Elements:
Reading of DB Temperature:
If the temp exceeds 85 degrees it must be read and recorded how often?
Hourly.
66
Evaluation Equipment Individual Elements:
Reading of DB Temperature:
Must be read hourly if what other thing happens?
Heat Casualties.
67
Evaluation Equipment Individual Elements:
Reading of DB Temperature:
Must be read if temps exceed what?
85 degrees Fahrenheit.
68
Recording of DB Temperatures:
Routine?
Recorded on appropriate log sheet.
69
Recording of DB Temperatures:
Routine recording is reviewed by who?
Supervisors,
Once each watch or shift.
70
Recording of DB Temperatures:
High Temperatures?
Circle in red 100° F or higher DB temperatures,
Notify Supervisor Immediately,
Heat Stress Monitor shall monitor all workstations within that space with WBGT Meter. (conduct heat stress survey).
71
Recording of DB Temperatures:
Heat Stress Monitoring Sheet?
Dry Bulb Temperatures shall be recorded on the Heat Stress Monitoring Sheet during WBGT monitoring.
72
Heat Stress Meter:
Dry bulb temperature sensor?
Temperature measured with an ordinary alcohol-in-glass thermometer whose bulb is kept dry and shielded from radiation.
73
Dry bulb checks for what?
Ambient.
74
Heat Stress Meter:
Wet bulb temperature sensor?
Temperature measured with a thermometer, similar to that used for dry-bulb temperature, except that a wet wick is fitted closely over the bulb (or sensor).
75
Wet bulb checks for what?
Humidity.
76
Heat Stress Meter:
Globe temperature sensor?
An integration of radiant and convective (heating or cooling effects of air movement) heat transfer (heat gained or loss).
77
Globe checks for what?
Radiant.
78
Heat Stress Meter:
WBGT Index?
A measurement of environmental conditions (heat stress). Consists of a weighted average of dry-bulb, wet bulb, and globe Temperatures.
79
What is the equation to determine WBGT?
(0.1xDB)+(0.7xWB)+(0.2xGT).
80
What is the purpose of the WBGT equation?
Helps to determine the Physiological Heat Exposure Limit (PHEL) and Environmental heat stress conditions by computing the WBGT Index.
81
What are the two types of WBGT meters?
RSS-220 - WBGT Meter,
QUESTemp 48N Heat Stress Monitor.
82
Required Monitoring Conditions:
PHEL I through III when watch/workstation length is 4 hours or less and DB is equal or greater than how many degrees?
100 degrees.
83
Required Monitoring Conditions:
PHEL I through III when watch/workstation length is greater than 4 hours and DB is equal or greater than how many degrees?
90 degrees.
84
Required Monitoring Conditions:
PHEL IV through VI and DB is equal or greater than how many degrees?.
85 degrees.
85
Required Monitoring Conditions:
In any space where what occurs?
A heat causality occurs.
86
Required Monitoring Conditions:
During a drill set that exceeds how many hours?
3 hours in duration.
(Not required in areas not affected by the drill or in unmanned areas).
87
Required Monitoring Conditions:
When directed by who?
When directed by the Commanding Officer.
88
Required Monitoring Conditions:
Follow-on surveys:
If the survey resulted in a stay-time greater than the duration of the normal watch or work period and did not require a change from the normal watch/workstation time. Then no further follow-on surveys are required, unless what?
The DB temperature increases by more than 5 degrees from the hanging dry bulb temperature in the previous survey.
89
Required Monitoring Conditions:
Follow-on surveys:
When a survey resulted in a PHEL stay time less than the duration of the watch/workstation time then adjustment of the watch/workstation duration will be made,
No further survey is required unless the Db temperature increases by how much?
5 degrees or returns to normal.
90
RSS-220 WBGT Meter:
Procedures For Use:
Perform Calibration Checks?
Acceptable range is 100.0 + or - 0.2 degrees Fahrenheit, if the meter is operating properly.
91
RSS-220 WBGT Meter:
Procedures For Use:
Survey Procedures?
Place meter at watch stander’s normal working position,
Wait 5 minutes for the initial DB reading and wait 3 minutes for subsequent readings,
Ensure ventilation is arranged normally to the worker and your measurement techniques reflect this,
DB/WB sensors should face air flow.
92
RSS-220 WBGT Meter:
Procedures For Use:
Hold WBGT Meter at chest level approximately ____ away from the body?
(Test)
1 foot.
93
QUESTemp 48N Heat Stress Monitor:
Procedures For Use:
Turn the unit ON. If the battery voltage displayed during the power-on sequence is less than or equal to how many volts?
6.4 volts, replace or recharge the batteries.
94
QUESTemp 48N Heat Stress Monitor:
Procedures For Use:
The heat stress survey must conduct the first WBGT measurement in the workspace after meter has been in the space for how long?
10 minutes to enable it to equilibrate to the surrounding area.
95
QUESTemp 48N Heat Stress Monitor:
Procedures For Use:
If meter is moved from one site to another, the meter should be at each site for how long?
5 minutes to allow for stabilization.
96
QUESTemp 48N Heat Stress Monitor:
Procedures For Use:
How to use?
In the main menu, VIEW will be selected (an indicator arrow denotes the selected menu),
Press the I/O ENTER key and the measurement screen will appear,
Press RUN/STOP key to begin data logging,
Use the Arrow keys to set the display to the desired items.
97
QUESTemp 48N Heat Stress Monitor:
Procedures For Use:
How far away do you hold it away from your body?
Hold meter at chest level,
18” away from the body.
98
What does AHSS stand for?
Automated Heat Stress System (AHSS).
99
The AHSS must be mounted in a position so they indicate the most accurate representative temperature for what?
The area where workers and watch standers spend the majority of time their time.
100
For ships with an automated heat stress system (AHSS) installed, ensure at you have at least two what?
Two portable WBGT meters are available on board.
101
What is not required with the AHSS?
Calibration.
102
All WBGT readings shall be recorded and documented with what information?
Specific locations monitored,
Hanging DB temperature,
WBGT Readings to include DB, WB, GT, and WBGT Index,
Determined Exposure Limits,
Next WBGT monitoring time,
Availability of Potable Water,
Manual Calculation of the WBGT Index,
Any noted discrepancies such as missing lagging,
Circle in red all exposure limits less than the watch period.
103
Routing Of Survey:
Immediately notify who?
The supervisor.
104
Routing Of Survey:
Supervisors (DH) shall notify CO with what information?
Condition,
Personal Protective Measures,
Action to reduce heat.
These actions shall be noted on the Heat Stress Monitoring Sheet.
