5.5. Overview of the Liver

Question 1

What are the 2 major lobes of the Liver?

Answer 1

1. The Left Lobe 2. The Right Lobe

Question 2

What separates the 2 major lobes of the Liver?

Answer 2

The Falciform Ligament

Question 3

What does the Falciform Ligament attach the Liver to?

Answer 3

The Anterior Abdominal Wall

Question 4

What is attached to the Falciform Ligament?

Answer 4

The Round Ligament

Question 5

What is the Round Ligament an Embryological Remnant of?

Answer 5

The Umbilical Vein

Question 6

What are the 2 Minor Lobes of the Liver?

Answer 6

1. The Caudate Lobe 2. The Quadrate Lobe

Question 7

Where can the Caudate Lobe be found?

Answer 7

1. On the Posterosuperior Surface of the Liver 2. Just Medial to the Inferior Vena Cava

Question 8

Where can the Quadrate Lobe of the Liver be found?

Answer 8

1. On the Poesteroinferior Surface of the Liver 2. Just Anterior to the Gallbladder

Question 9

What separates the 2 Minor Lobes of the Liver?

Answer 9

The Porta Hepatis

Question 10

What is contained within the Porta Hepatis?

Answer 10

1. The Hepatic Portal Vein 2. The Hepatic Artery 3. The Hepatic Ducts 4. The Hepatic Nerve Plexus 5. Lymphatic Vessels

Question 11

What joins together to form the Common Hepatic Duct?

Answer 11

1. The Right Hepatic Duct 2. The Left Hepatic Duct

Question 12

What, from the Gallbladder, fuses with the Common Hepatic Duct?

Answer 12

The Cystic Duct

Question 13

What is formed as the Common Hepatic Duct and the Cystic Duct fuse?

Answer 13

The Common Bile Duct

Question 14

What does the Common Bile Duct do?

Answer 14

It sends Bile from the Liver / Gallbladder into the Duodenum

Question 15

Where does the Common Bile Duct enter into the Duodenum?

Answer 15

At the Major Duodenal Papilla (aka the Sphincter of Oddi)

Question 16

What, other than the Common Bile Duct, enters into the Duodenum at the Major Duodenal Papilla?

Answer 16

The Pancreatic Duct

Question 17

Where is the Bare Area of the Liver located?

Answer 17

On the Superior Right Lobe

Question 18

What is in contact with the Bare Area of the Liver?

Answer 18

The Diaphragm

Question 19

Is the Bare Area of the Liver covered by Peritoneum?

Answer 19

No

Question 20

Is the rest of the Liver (except the Bare Area) covered in Visceral Peritoneum?

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

What, other than Visceral Peritoneum, covers the Liver?

Answer 21

A Connective Tissue Capsule

Question 22

Is the Bare Area of the Liver covered in a Connective Tissue Capsule?

Answer 22

No

Question 23

What is the Bare Area of the Liver surrounded by?

Answer 23

The Coronary Ligament

Question 24

What does the Coronary Ligament connect the Liver to?

Answer 24

The Diaphragm

Question 25

What divides the Liver into Hexagonal Lobules?

Answer 25

The Septa

Question 26

What is contained, within the Septa, at each corner of the Hexagonal Lobule the Liver is Divided into?

Answer 26

A Portal Triad

Question 27

What is contained within a Portal Triad?

Answer 27

1. A Hepatic Portal Vein 2. A Hepatic Artery 3. A Hepatic Duct

Question 28

What is in the Center of this Hexagonal Lobule?

Answer 28

Central Vein

Question 29

Where does the Blood Drain from / to?

Answer 29

From - The Hepatic Artery and the Hepatic Portal Vein To - The Central Vein

Question 30

Where do the Central Veins drain into?

Answer 30

The Hepatic Veins

Question 31

Where do the Hepatic Veins drain into?

Answer 31

The Inferior Vena Cava

Question 32

What radiates out from the Central Veins to the Portal Triads?

Answer 32

Hepatic Cords

Question 33

What are Hepatic Cords composed of?

Answer 33

Hepatocytes

Question 34

What is found within the Hepatic Cords?

Answer 34

A Bile Canaliculus

Question 35

What is a Bile Canaliculus?

Answer 35

A cleft-like lumen betwen cells which transports Bile towards the Hepatic Duct

Question 36

What is found between the Hepatic Cords?

Answer 36

Hepatic Sinusoids

Question 37

What are Hepatic Sinusoids?

Answer 37

Blood Channels

Question 38

What supplies the Oxygen Depleted, Nutrient Rich Blood from the Alimentary Canal to the Hepatic Sinusoids?

Answer 38

The Hepatic Portal Vein

Question 39

What supplies the Oxygen Rich, Nutrient Depleted Blood from the Alimentary Canal to the Hepatic Sinusoids?

Answer 39

The Hepatic Artery

Question 40

What happens in the Hepatic Sinusoids?

Answer 40

The Blood from the Hepatic Artery and the Hepatic Portal Vein mix to become an Oxygen and Nutrient Rich Blood supply

Question 41

Where does the blood flow from the Hepatic Sinusoids?

Answer 41

Into the Central Veins

Question 42

What are the functions of Hepatocytes which surround the Hepatic Sinusoids?

Answer 42

1. Nutrient Storage and Interconversion 2. Detoxification of the Blood 3. Bile Synthesis

Question 43

What nutrients are absorbed from the blood at the Hepatocytes which surround the Hepatic Sinusoids?

Answer 43

1. Glycogen 2. Fat 3. Vitamins A, D, E, K, and B12 4. Copper 5. Iron

Question 44

What does Bile, produced by the Hepatocytes lining the Hepatis Sinusoids consist of?

Answer 44

1. Bile Acids 2. Lecithin 3. Cholesterol 4. Bile Pigments 5. Toxic Metals 6. Bicarbonate (secreted by Duct Cells)

Question 45

What is the function of Bile Acids in Bile?

Answer 45

It is used to Solubilise Fat

Question 46

What is the function of Lecithin in Bile?

Answer 46

It is used to Solubilise Fat

Question 47

What is the function of Cholesterol in Bile?

Answer 47

It is used to Solubilise Fat

Question 48

What is the function of Bile Pigments in Bile?

Answer 48

It is Bilirubin

Question 49

What is Bilirubin?

Answer 49

The Breakdown Product of Old / Damaged Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)

Question 50

Why are Toxic Metals secreted in Bile?

Answer 50

It is a method of allowing the toxins from the detoxified blood to leave

Question 51

What is the function of Bicarbonate in the Bile?

Answer 51

This is used to Neutralize the Acid in Chyme

Question 52

What are Bile Acids Synthesized from?

Answer 52

1. Cholesterol (by Hepatocytes) 2. Glycine or Taurine (to increase solubility and form Bile Salts)

Question 53

How are secreted Bile Salts recycled?

Answer 53

They are reabsorbed at the Ileum and returned via the Hepatic Portal Vein (Enterohepatic Circulation)

Question 54

What colour does Bilirubin give Bile?

Answer 54

Yellow

Question 55

What can Bilirubin be modified to (By Gut Flora) form in Faeces?

Answer 55

The Brown Colour

Question 56

What can happen to Bilirubin once re-absorbed? (Other than be recycled by the Liver)

Answer 56

It can be secreted in the Urine, giving it its yellow Colour