5.5 Plant and Animal responses ... Flashcards
(42 cards)
what is the nervous system split in to ?
2
- Peripheral nervous system
- central nervous system
what is the peripheral nervous system spilt into ?
2
- sensory system
- motor system
what is the motor system split into ?
2
- autonomic
- somantic
What is the autonomic nervous system split into ?
2
- sympathetic nervous system
- parasympathetic nervous system
What does the sympathetic nervous system do?
effects name three
total marks :4
- flight or fight response ( response to stress) increased heart rate dilated pupils increased ventilation rate reduced digestive activity
where are the ganglia in the sympathetic nervous system ?
2
- just outside the CNS
- short pre ganglionic neurones but long post ganglionic neurones
where are the ganglia in the parasympathetic system ?
2
- in effector tissue
- long neurones before
- short neurones after
what neurotransmitter does
a) sympathetic nervous system use ?
b) parasympathetic nervous system use ?
- a) symp = noradrenaline
b) para= acetylcholine
what does the cerebrum control ? 1
whats it split into ? 1
- conscious thought
- spilt into LHS/RHS cerebral hemispheres
what does the cerebellum control ?
where is it ?
- movement and balance (leaf like at the back of head )
what do the hypothalamus and pituitary system do ?1
- organise homeostatic resposes
what does the medulla oblongata do ? 1
- coordination of many autonomic functions
what areas are the cerebrum divided into ?
3
- sensory areas -receive AP’s from sensory neurones
- association areas - compare to previous experience and judge an appropriate response
- motor areas - AP to effector
what are the 4 lobes of the brain ?
4
- frontal lobe
- parietal lobe
- temporal lobe
- occipital lobe
what does the corpus callosum do ? 2
- separates the RIGHT and LEFT hemispheres of the brain
- also connects both half of the brain
list the parts of the Brian that’d be involved in driving a car
6
- The visual area / visual association area
- the auditory area / auditory association area
- the motor area in the cerebrum.
- Also the cerebellum
list part of the brain involved in answering a question verbally ?
4
- Auditory area
- auditory association area
- speech areas (Broca’s area)
- motor area in cerebrum.
why are reflexes so quick ?
4
- they don’t involve the CNS
- Myelinated neurones
- few synapses involved
- nervous pathway is short
When we pick up an expensive china plate , we don’t just drop it - why ?
4
- The eyes and nose detect that the object is of value;
- the association areas of the brain send impulses
- which inhibit the action of the synapse
- this prevents the response to let go.
why must the action potentials to override the neurones be carried by myelinated neurones ? 1
- so that they are quick and arrive at the synapse in time to stop the reflex action
what’s the difference between blinking and knee jerk reflex?
3
- blinking reflex is a cranial reflex so it passes through the brain = reflex arc ( 3 neurones = sensory , relay , motor)
- the knee jerk reflex = spinal reflex so it passes through he spinal cord instead of the brain
- it only has 2 neurones involved : sensory to motor
why are digestive disorders signs of long term stress?
2
- One action of adrenaline is to reduce blood flow to the digestive system.
- Therefore the digestive system may not receive sufficient blood flow to operate effectively.
how is it possible for an imagined threat to stimulate the fight or flight response ?
2
- The higher centres of the brain send impulses down the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system to the adrenal glands.
- This stimulates the release of adrenaline.
what are the steps to coordinate the fight or flight response ?
5
1- AP to sensory centre in brain
2- then AP to association centre
3-if threat is recognises then CEREBRUM STIMULATES HYPOTHALAMUS
4-HYPOTHALAMUS increases activity in SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM .
5-PITUITARY gland secretes hormones …
