5.5 Translation Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is translation?
when mRNA is used to synethesize a polypeptide chain that will make a functional protein
What is the site of translation?
ribosome
Where does transcription take place and where does translation take place?
transcription - nucleus
translation - cytoplasm
What is tRNA?
transfer RNA
What are the two regions of tRNA?
- anticodon region that is complementary to the mRNA
- region that is covalently bound to the correct amino acid that matches the codon
What are the two subunits of the ribosome?
- large
- small
What is each subunit of the ribosome composed of?
each is composed of rRNA and ribosomal proteins
What is a monosome?
each subunit of the ribosome composed of rRNA and ribosomal proteins
How are ribosomes measured?
characterized based on the rate of migration in a sucrose gradient known as the Svedberg coefficient
What does the Svedberg coefficient take into account?
density, mass, and shape of a ribosome
What is the bacterial monosome and what is the eukaryotic monosome?
bacterial = 70s
eukaryotic = 80s
What is the bacterial 70s monosome composed of?
50s and 30s
What is the eukaryotic 80s composed of?
60s and 40s
How big are tRNAs?
small; 70-90 nucleotides long
What is posttranscriptional modification?
enzymatic reaction occurs after the transcription of RNA
What is the purpose of posttranscriptional modifications done on tRNA?
- improve stability of tRNA
- make sure hydrogen bonding is more secure between the tRNA and the mRNA that it will bind with
What does the primary structure of an RNA refer to?
its coding sequence only; what it would look like on a two dimensional page
What is the secondary structure of an RNA refer to?
three-dimensional shape
What is the secondary structure of tRNA
series of paired stems with unpaired loops to resemble a cloverleaf
What is the only difference between specific tRNAs?
the anticodon that makes it complimentary to an amino acid
