Global Patterns

Question 1

Any evidence of an organism from a former geological time

Answer 1

Fossil

Question 2

Transverse and longitudinal earthquake waves that travel through the interior of the earth

Answer 2

S and P waves

Question 3

The scientific study of earthquakes and the internal structure of the earth

Answer 3

Seismology

Question 4

The German Scientist who first proposed that the continents had once been one big landmass (Pangea) and drifted with time (continental drift)

Answer 4

Alfred Wegener

Question 5

A break or rupture in the Earth’s crust, which allows magma to escape from deep within the upper mantle

Answer 5

Volcano

Question 6

Energy travelling through the Earth in the form of a longitudinal or transverse wave.

Answer 6

Seismic wave

Question 7

The theory that explains how the Earth’s crust is broken into plates and how they move.

Answer 7

Plate tectonics

Question 8

Layers of gases surrounding the Earth. The main gases include: % highest to lowest — 78% nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide

Answer 8

Atmosphere

Question 9

Where new crust is generated as the plates pull away from each other

Answer 9

Divergent boundary (mid-oceanic ridge)

Question 10

The law that states that in undisturbed strata, lower layers of rocks are older than those nearer the top

Answer 10

Superposition

Question 11

The process in which two or more tectonic plates collide and one plate slides beneath the other

Answer 11

Subduction

Question 12

Label each of layers of the Earth

Answer 12

…

Question 13

A series of ‘water waves’ caused by an undersea earthquake or volcanic eruption

Answer 13

Tsunami

Question 14

The outermost terrestrial layer of the earth. The sea bed is on average 8km thick consisting of basalt. The continents are on average 40km thick consisting of granite.

Answer 14

Crust

Question 15

One of several subdivisions of geological time allowing cross- referencing of rocks, fossils and geological events from place to place.

Answer 15

Geological period

Question 16

An actively deforming region where two (or more) tectonic plates move toward one another and collide. Also known as a destructive plate boundary.

Answer 16

Convergent boundary

Question 17

Where the crust is neither produced or destroyed as the plates slide horizontally past each other

Answer 17

Transform boundary

Question 18

The theory that states that the Earth’s surface was shaped in the past by gradual processes.

Answer 18

Uniformitarianism

Question 19

The centre of the Earth consisting of two layers. The outer core is molten consisting of an iron- nickel alloy. This later contributes to the earth’s magnetic field. The inner layer is solid iron.

Answer 19

The core

Question 20

Relating to the structure of the Earth’s crust and the forces and processes which take place within it

Answer 20

Tectonics

Question 21

Oxygen, silicon, aluminium, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium

Answer 21

List of elements making up the earth’s crust. % — highest to lowest

Question 22

The continual re-cycling of rocks through weathering, erosion, burial, compacting, melting and uplifting

Answer 22

Rock cycle

Question 23

The scientific study of the origin, history, structure and composition of the earth

Answer 23

Geology

Question 24

Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner core

Answer 24

The 4 layers of the earth

Question 25

A movement of hot material upwards towards cooler regions where it cools and sinks again

Answer 25

Convection currents

Question 26

A series of vibrations induced in the earths crust by the sudden movement of the earths crust caused by the release of stress accumulated along geologic faults or by volcanic activity

Answer 26

Earthquake

Question 27

Constantly changing, energetic in nature

Answer 27

Dynamic

Question 28

The layer directly below the crust. This layer is approximately 2900km thick.

Answer 28

Mantle