Gender and Socialization

Question 1

Identification theory

Answer 1

also called psychoanalytic theory (Freud): penis envy, castration anxiety, phallic stage, Oedipal complex, Electra complex, “The Etiology of Hysteria.”

Question 2

Social Learning theory

Answer 2

(Bandura): modeling, reinforcement, behaviorism Problem: puts all the emphasis on society

Question 3

Cognitive Development Theory

Answer 3

(Piaget, Kohlberg) pattern-seeking, categorizing. Problem: puts all the emphasis on the children themselves as individual creators of gender.

Question 4

Enculturated lens Theory

Answer 4

(Bem) gender polarization, androcentrism, biological essentialism, enculturation, metamessages (This theory may be more balanced than the others….not based on mentally ill patients’ experiences, and balanced between society and individuals as creators of gender.)

Question 5

Socialization

Answer 5

The process by which individuals acquire the knowledge, skills, and character traits that enable them to participate as effective members of groups and society.

Question 6

Role

Answer 6

the set of behaviors a person occupying a particular status (position in society) is expected to perform.

Question 7

Gender Roles

Answer 7

are more than just parts that we play; they become a central aspect of our identity.

Question 8

androcentric

Answer 8

things that men do are the important things, women do not as important

Question 9

ethnocentric

Answer 9

evaluate one culture for own culture, like to believe what they think, don’t have an open mind

Question 10

Tor F NO gender roles aren’t predetermined we make them up

Answer 10

TRUE

Question 11

Disparagement Humor

Answer 11

-Most people conform to social norms that restrict the expression of prejudice
“It’s just a joke” becomes the justification.

Question 12

what were the only things boys and girls were equally likely to have in their rooms

Answer 12

books and musical instruments

BOYS had more toys!

Question 13

Gender differences in children’s books

Answer 13

boys get most of the interesting, action-oriented roles; girls get the support roles.

Question 14

peer socialization concerning gender

Answer 14

at age 2 and 3 kids voluntarily separate into same sex play groups
- boys are especially criticized for cross-gender play

Question 15

reasons why kids voluntarily separate themselves into same sex play groups

Answer 15

• media messages
• Disney film examples
• ssues with advertising