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05.5 Plant and Animal Responses > 5.5.14 Mammalian Muscle Structure (needs redoing) > Flashcards

5.5.14 Mammalian Muscle Structure (needs redoing) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of muscle?

A
  • Skeletal (striated or voluntary)
  • Smooth (involuntary)
  • Cardiac
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2
Q

What is a striated muscle?

A
  • Muscle made of muscle fibres
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3
Q

What are skeletal muscles?

A
  • Responsible for moving skeleton of mammals
  • Muscles are attached to the skeleton
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4
Q

What is a muscle fibre?

A
  • Contains contractile proteins in cytoplasm
  • Muscle fibres surrounded by cell surface membrane
  • Each muscle fibre contains many nuclei, so fibres are not usually referred to as cells
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5
Q

What are the names of muscle fibres

A

Cell surface membrane - Sarcolemma
Cytoplasm - Sarcoplasm
Endoplasmic reticulum - sarcoplasmic reticulum

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6
Q

What is the sarcolemma?

A
  • Has many tube-like projections folding in from its outer surface (T-tubules)
  • Run close to the sarcoplasmic reticulum
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7
Q

What is the sarcoplasm?

A
  • Contains mitochondria and myofibrils
  • Myofibrils are bundles of actin and myosin filaments, sliding past each other during muscle contraction
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8
Q

What happens in the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

Membranes contain protein pumps transporting calcium ions into lumen of sarcoplasmic reticulum, and contain calcium reabsorbing proteins

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9
Q

What do myofibrils do?

A
  • Located in sarcoplasm
  • Made of 2 protein filament types
  • Thich filaments of myosin
  • Thin filaments of actin
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10
Q

What is the H zone

A
  • Only thick myosin filaments present
  • Compresses
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11
Q

What is the I band?

A

Only thin actin filaments present

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12
Q

What is the A band?

A

Contains myosin and actin filament overlap

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13
Q

What is the M line?

A

Attachment for myosin filaments in the middle of the H zone, anchors the whole thing

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14
Q

What is the Z line?

A

Attachment site for actin filaments between each sracomere

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15
Q

What is the sarcomere?

A

Section of myofibril between 2 Z lines

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16
Q

Myofibril Structure Table

A
17
Q

Sarcomere Structure Diagram

A
18
Q

Difference Between Smooth Muscle and Skeletal Muscle

A
  • Smooth muscle is for unconscious control
  • Contains Actin and Myosin but NO BANDING or STRIATION
  • Walls of gut, blood vessels, arteries, etc
19
Q

What is special about cardiac muscle?

A
  • Only in heart
  • Myogenic (does not require an electrical stimulus to contract)
  • Does not tire of fatigue (can continuously beat)
  • Lots of mitochondria
20
Q

Skeletal Muscle under the microscope

A
21
Q

Limitations of observing muscle fibres under microscopes

A
  • Size of cells are inconsistent between different specimens
  • Treatment of specimens could alter structure of cells

05.5 Plant and Animal Responses (17 decks)

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