Chapter 45

Question 1

TIA

Answer 1

Brief interruption in cerebral blood flow
Resolve within 30-60 minutes
Singles cause risk and multiple puts at risk for brain damage

Question 2

Key features TIA

Answer 2

Blurred vision
Diplopia 
Blindness one eye
Tunnel vision
Weakness
Facial drooping
Ataxia
Numbness in face, hand, arm, leg
Vertigo 
Aphasia

Question 3

Tx TIA

Answer 3

Reduce high BP- most common risk
Take aspirin or anti platelet for prevention
Control diabetes
Lifestyle changes- quit smoking, eat healthy foods, be active

Question 4

Stroke

Answer 4

Interruption of perfusion to any part of brain
Medical emergency
Tx immediately to reduce permanent disability
3rd leading cause death in US

Question 5

Ischemic stroke

Answer 5

Blockage of cerebral artery pay thrombus or embolus

Question 6

Thrombotic stroke

Answer 6

Stroke caused by thrombus (clot)

Account for more than one half of all strokes

Question 7

EmboliC stroke

Answer 7

Stroke caused by embolus (dislodged clot)

Question 8

Hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 8

Vessel integrity is interrupted and bleeding occurs into brain tissue or subarachnoid space

Question 9

Stroke etiology

Answer 9

Genetic
Environmental
Smoking, substance use, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, oral contraceptives, heavy alcohol use, HTN, arteriovenous malformation
American Indian/ Alaskan native have highest prevalence
Black men and women have more strokes than white

Question 10

Stroke assessment

Answer 10

Cognitive changes- LOC, aphasia, dyslexia , agraphia, acalculia
Motor changes- hemiparesis , ataxia, muscle tone
Sensory changes- touch and painful stimuli, motor fxn, ptosis, nystagmus
Cranial nerve assessment
CV assessment- EmboliC strokes may have murmur, dysrhythmias, HTN, BP 150/100 may lead to another stroke

Question 11

Most common sx

Answer 11

Confusion 
Numbness or weakness
Trouble seeing in one or both eyes
Sudden dizziness
Sudden severe HA