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AS Biology > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Organelles only present in plant cells

A

Cell wall
Big vacuole
Chloroplasts
Plasmodium sta

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2
Q

Organelles only present in animal cells

A

Centrioles
Lysosomes
Micirovilli

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3
Q

Structure of endoplasmic reticulum

A

stacks of membrane bound sacs in the cytoplasm, pile of pitta bread

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4
Q

Function of endoplasmic reticulum

A

Forms a system of channels for transporting materials through the cytoplasm. Rough has ribosomes on the surface and is the site of protein synthesis. The other is where steroids and other lipids are synthesised.

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5
Q

Structure of Golgi apparatus

A

Complex network of flattened, membrane bound sacs called cisternae. Often have ribosomes on the cytoplasmic side.

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6
Q

Function of golgi

A

Receives proteins synthesised on the RER and prepares them for secretion from the cell. Often involves adding carbohydrates to form glycoproteins.

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7
Q

Structure of mitochondria

A

Has an outer membrane and an inner one which is folder to form cristae. Inside the inner membrane is the matrix containing enzymes, a circular DNA molecule and ribosomes.

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8
Q

Function of mitochondria

A

The site of aerobic respiration and responsible for producing most of the ATP in a cell.

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9
Q

Structure if cell surface membrane

A

A phospholipid bilayer, with cholesterol, glycoproteins, glycolipids, peripheral, integral and transport proteins.

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10
Q

Function of cell surface membrane

A

Forms a partially permeable barrier controlling passage of substances in and out of the cell.

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11
Q

Cell wall structure

A

Consists of cellulose micro fibrils and other polysaccharides.

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12
Q

Cell wall function

A

Provides mechanical support and prevents cell from bursting when very turgid.

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13
Q

Chloroplast structure

A

Surrounded by two membranes. Contains a matrix called storms which has a system of membranes running through it. These are stacked in places to form grana containing chlorophyll. Storms contains circular DNA, ribosomes and starch grains.

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14
Q

Chloroplast function

A

Where photosynthesis takes place. Pigments capture the energy of sunlight and transfer it to chemical bonds.

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15
Q

Microvilli structure

A

Info,ding of cell surface membrane of some animal cells. Not found in plant cells.

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16
Q

Microvilli structure

A

Increases surface area of cell to allow transport of substances across cell surface membrane.

17
Q

Lysosomes structure

A

A vesicle containing digestive enzymes

18
Q

Lysosomes structure

A

Responsible for destroying worn out organisms and for digesting the contents of vacuoles formed by phagocytosis.

19
Q

Nucleus structure

A

Large organelle enclosed by double, envelope, membrane perforated by pores. Contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli.

20
Q

Nucleus function

A

Chromosomes cots in DNA, which controls the synthesis of proteins. Ribosomes are formed in the nucleolus.

21
Q

Centrioles structure

A

Two short barrels of microtubules, grouped into 3s, held at right angles to each other. The same structure of microtubules in a long barrel is found in cilia and sperm tails.

22
Q

Centrioles function

A

Forms a spindle shaped structure of protein fibres on which the chromosomes move during nuclear divisions.

23
Q

Ribosome structure

A

Very small organelle not bound by a membrane. Consists of a large and a small subunit. Made of protein and RNA.

24
Q

Ribosome function

A

Uses the information in nucleic acids to synthesise proteins.

25
Q

Vacuole structure

A

A sac bounded by a single membrane. Contains sap which is a solution of mineral salts, pigments, organic acids and other substances.

26
Q

Vacuole function

A

Stores waste products and other substances. Changes in volume affect the turgidity of the cell.

27
Q

Order of involvement in protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes on ribosomes on the ER
Pass into cisternae and packaged into transport vesicles
Move towards golgi via the cytoskeleton
Vesicles fuse with cis face of golgi and proteins enter. They are structurally modifies before leaving from the trans face.
Secretory vesicles move proteins that are released from the cell
Vesicles fuse with cell surface membrane releasing by exocytosis.

28
Q

Size of prokaryotic cells

A

1-2 micrometers

29
Q

Size of eukaryotic cells

A

20-40 micrometers

30
Q

Prokaryotic cell wall

A

Made of murein which is a glycoprotein

31
Q

Slime capsule

A

Thick polysaccharide layer outside the cell wall, used for sticking cells together, food reserves and chemical & phagocytosis protection.

32
Q

Prokaryotic flagellum

A

Rigid rotating helical shaped tail used for propulsion.

33
Q

Pili structure and function

A

Concerned with cell to cell attachment and a form of sex/DNA transfer.

34
Q

Prokaryotic cell have no…

A

Membrane bound organelles

AS Biology (7 decks)

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