Week 2

Question 1

Influence of writing systems

Answer 1

• Alphabetic writing generally learned early in life
• commonly relies on MODEL which can conceptually MERGE SOUND + GRAPHEME
• sounding out: ‘/k/-/æ/-/t/ spells cat.’
• spelling out: ‘c-a-t spells cat.’
  ‘The first letter is /k/.’
  ‘The first letter is c.’

Writing systems can interfere w/ phonetic awareness bc:
- letters/characters are not sounds
- sounds are not letters/characters
(how many sounds in THROUGH? how many letters?)

Question 2

Phonetics

Answer 2

Phonetics is the study of the physical properties of speech

• ARTICULATION (action of body to prod. speech sound)
• ACOUSTIC properties of sound wave in air
• AUDITORY properties perceived by hearers

Question 3

4 major parameters in Production of CONSONANTS

Answer 3

• AIRSTREAM MECHANISM (What makes the airstream? Which way is the air going?)
• ACTION OF VOCAL FOLDS (GLOTTIS) (Are vocal folds held open? or opening & closing rapidly?)
• PLACE OF ARTICULATION
  (Where is the main constriction in the airflow?)
• MANNER OF ARTICULATION (What’s happening with the major constriction to the airflow? how affected?)

Question 4

phonetic transcription

Answer 4

representing speech sounds in writing, ideally

using. ..
- standard symbol to rep each sound
- each symbol = shorthand for phonetic description of the sound

Question 5

orthography

Answer 5

standard system of written representation of a language

BUT NOT NECESSARILY DIRECT REPRESENTATION OF SPEECH SOUNDS