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Pediatric EOR > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Most common heart defect in Down Syndrome

A

VSD

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2
Q

Genetic disorder of inappropriate LV and RV hypertrophy (especially septal)

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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3
Q

Murmur associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Systolic ejection crescendo-descrescendo murmur

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4
Q

Valsalva has what effect on murmur associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A
  • valsava decreases venous return and thus increases murmur
  • Standing also decreases venous return and increases murmur
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5
Q

Lying down or squatting has what effect on murmur associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A
  • Increases venous return and therefore decreases murmur intensity
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6
Q

Subaortic outflow obstruction, hypertrophied septum, and diastolic dysfunction are seen with what genetic disorder

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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7
Q

First line medical treatment for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A
  • Beta blockers and calcium channel blockers
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8
Q

Sudden cardiac death seen in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is usually due to

A
  • Ventricular fibrillation
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9
Q

What is the valsava maneuver

A
  • Moderately forceful attempted exhalation against a closed airway
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10
Q

Acute rheumatic fever develops 2-3 weeks after infection caused by

A

Group A streptococcal pharyngitis

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11
Q

Most common heart murmur associated with Acute rheumatic fever

A
  • mitral stenosis
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12
Q

List the Jones criteria for Acute rheumatic fever

A
  • Carditis
  • polyarthritis
  • chorea
  • erythema marginatum
  • subcutaneous nodules
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13
Q

Treatment for Acute rheumatic fever

A
  • Penicillin
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14
Q

Is VSD considered cyanotic or acyanotic

A
  • Acyanotic because it is a Left to Right shunt
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15
Q

Most common congenital heart defect

A
  • VSD
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16
Q

murmur associated with VSD

A

Holosytolic at LLSB

17
Q

Medical management of VSD

A
  • Diuretics
  • ACE-Inhibitors
18
Q

What is an atrial septal defect? Is it cyanotic or acyanotic

A
  • Failure of septum primum and septum secondum to overlap
  • acyanotic
19
Q

What is a patent ductus arteriosis

A
  1. Communication between descending thoracic aorta and the pulmonary artery
20
Q

Murmur associated with PDA

A
  • Systolic ejection murmur loudest at Left upper sternal border
  • described as a continuous machinery mumur
21
Q

Medical management of PDA

A
  • indomethacin
22
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot consists of what abnormalities

A
  1. VSD
  2. Overriding Aorta
  3. Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction
  4. RV hypertrophy
23
Q

Is Tetralogy of Fallot a cyanotic or acyanotic condition

A
  • cyanotic
24
Q

Clinical presentation of Kawasaki disease

A
  • Fever + CRASH
  • Fever of at least 5 days
  • Conjunctivitis (bilateral)
  • Rash (morbilliform)
  • Adenopathy (cervical)
  • Strawberry tongue
  • Hands (red, swollen with subsequent desquamation)
25
Q

Kawasaki disease has a high degree of what type of complications

A
  • cardiovascular complications: get an echo
  • Coronary aneurysms, carditis
26
Q

Treatment of Kawasaki disease

A
  • IVIG and high dose aspirin
27
Q

What is a coarctation of the aorta

A
  • Constricted aortic segment
28
Q

Most common associated heart defects associated with coarctation of aorta

A
  • Bicuspid aortic valve
  • VSD
29
Q

Most common presentation in patients with coarctation of aorta

A
  • CHF, in infants
  • HTN measured in arms, and decreased BP measured in legs

Pediatric EOR (11 decks)

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