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PIL > Humane Killing > Flashcards

Humane Killing Flashcards

1
Q

Reasons for humanely killing animals

A 
Surplus stock
Ex breeders
Animal is suffering –sick/injured
End of experiment
Exceeds severity limit/humane end points
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2
Q

Should provide a good death

Entire experience includes

A

Need to capture, handle or restrain
Need to remove from home environment and mixing with unfamiliar animals
The practical application of the technique
Confirmation of death

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3
Q

Principles of humane killing
3 R’s
A good death

A

Whenever an animal’s life is to be taken it should be treated with the highest respect
The method causing the animal the least pain and distress should be used
Ideally the animal should not be suffering before it is killed
The animal should be unaware of the impending action
The animal should not be killed in the presence of others

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4
Q

An ideal killing method should

A

Cause rapid loss of consciousness, followed by cardiac or respiratory arrest and ultimate loss of brain function
Be irreversible
Require minimum restraint of the animal
Be appropriate for the species, age and health of the animal
The process should be aesthetically acceptable for the person killing and anyone watching

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5
Q

Humans in humane killing

A

Death must be verified following humane killing
Personnel should be trained and competent
Human psychological responses should be taken into account, but should not take precedence over animal welfare considerations
Animal care committees should be responsible for approval of the method of humane killing

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6
Q

Schedule 1 – Considerations for rodents

A

Handle gently
Keep animal in home cage or transfer litter to new cage
Don’t keep animals in a strange environment for longer than necessary
Don’t kill in sight/sound of other animals
Don’t mix with strange animals

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7
Q

Schedule 1 – Considerations for zebrafish

A

Avoid handling if possible
Use water from the home tank if moving fish for euthanasia
Keep water at the normal temperature
Don’t mix with strange fish

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8
Q

Schedule 1

List of approved methods of humane killing of protected animals

A

Species specific

Stage of development specific

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9
Q

Schedule 1 is unregulated, ie

A

Allows competent people to kill animals without getting a project or personal licence (but ONLY if the approved methods are used)

Even without licences someone competent to kill must be available at all times

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10
Q

Schedule 1 and licenses

A

Regulated procedures (ie. most experiments) require a Project Licence (PPL) and a Personal Licence (PIL)

Schedule 1 users do not require a PPL or PIL. However:

Everyone using Schedule 1 techniques MUST be registered on the Establishment Licence as a Sched 1 user (including current PIL holders). A list of trained personnel is held by the Institution.

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11
Q

Schedule 1 - application

A

Does NOT apply to animals that are not protected:

Non vertebrate animals (except cephalopods)
Animals below the age of protection:
Mammals, birds & reptiles below 2/3rds gestation
Fish, before independent feeding (5.2days in zebrafish)
Cephalopods, from hatching

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12
Q

Animals that are not protected

A

Does NOT apply to animals that are not protected:

Non vertebrate animals (except cephalopods)

Animals below the age of protection:
Mammals, birds & reptiles below 2/3rds gestation
Fish, before independent feeding (5.2days in zebrafish)
Cephalopods, from hatching

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13
Q

Schedule 1 training

A

Module for Schedule 1 training currently called EU Module 6.1. (PIL K) This is theory only.

Passing the test (and getting a certificate) does NOT allow you to kill animals.

Practical Training and Supervision must be received before killing animals unsupervised.

Training records must be filled in and signed by someone authorised to do so.

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14
Q

Schedule 1 - methods

Schedule 1 killing takes place in TWO parts:

A
  1. The killing method
  2. The confirmation of death

BOTH are required to constitute a legal kill (without a PPL and PIL.)

Consider research when selecting methods

From Jan 2013 it is permissible to use anaesthesia/sedation prior to killing technique

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15
Q

Schedule 1 - methods

SCHEDULE 1 APPROPRIATE METHODS OF HUMANE KILLING

A

The methods of humane killing listed in Tables A and B below are appropriate for the animals listed in the corresponding entries in those tables only if the process of killing is completed by one of the methods listed in subparagraphs (a) to (f) below:

a) confirmation of permanent cessation of the circulation
b) destruction of the brain
c) dislocation of the neck
d) exsanguination
e) confirming the onset of rigor mortis
f) instantaneous destruction of the body in a macerator.

A-F = methods of confirming death

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16
Q

A. Methods for animals other than
foetal, larval and embryonic forms

  1. Overdose of an anaesthetic using a
    route and an anaesthetic agent
    appropriate for the size and species
    of animal
A

All animals

17
Q

A. Methods for animals other than
foetal, larval and embryonic forms

  1. Exposure to carbon dioxide gas in a
    rising concentration
A

Birds and
Rodents up to 1.5 kg (but
not neonatal rodents)

18
Q

A. Methods for animals other than
foetal, larval and embryonic forms

3. Dislocation of the neck (with the
prior use of a sedative or
anaesthetic in the case of rodents
and rabbits over 150 g and birds
over 250 g)
A

Rodents up to 500g
Rabbits up to1kg
Birds up to 1kg

19
Q

A. Methods for animals other than
foetal, larval and embryonic forms

  1. Concussion of the brain by striking
    the cranium
A

Rodents and Rabbits up to 1kg
Birds up to 250g
Amphibians and reptiles (with destruction of the brain before the return of
consciousness) up to 1kg

Fishes (with destruction of the brain before the return of consciousness)

20
Q

A. Methods for animals other than
foetal, larval and embryonic forms

  1. One of the recognised methods of slaughter set out below which is appropriate to the animal and is
    performed by a registered veterinary surgeon, or, in the case of the methods described in paragraph (ii) below, performed by the holder of a current licence granted under the Welfare of Animals (Slaughter or Killing) Regulations 1995 (a) i)
    Destruction of the brain by free bullet using appropriate rifles, guns and ammunition, or ii) captive bolt or
    electrical stunning followed by destruction of the brain or
    exsanguination before return of consciousness
A

Ungulates

21
Q

B. Methods for foetal, larval and
embryonic forms

  1. Overdose of an anaesthetic using a
    route and anaesthetic agent
    appropriate for the size, stage of
    development and species of animal
A

All animals

22
Q

B. Methods for foetal, larval and
embryonic forms

2. Refrigeration, or disruption of
membranes, or maceration in
apparatus approved under
appropriate slaughter legislation, or
exposure to carbon dioxide in near
100% concentration until they are
dead
A

Birds Reptiles

23
Q

B. Methods for foetal, larval and
embryonic forms

  1. Cooling of foetuses followed by
    immersion in cold tissue fixative
A

Mice, Rats and Rabbits

24
Q

B. Methods for foetal, larval and
embryonic forms

  1. Decapitation
A

Mammals and Birds up to 50g

25
Q

Overdose of anaesthesia can be given by:

Injection

A

Agent
Pentobarbitone
Other Injectable anaesthetics

Route
I/P (IV)

Suitable for
Rodents
Rabbits

26
Q

Overdose of anaesthesia can be given by:

Inhalation

A

Agent
Isoflurane

Route
Induction Chamber

Suitable for
Rodents

27
Q

Overdose of anaesthesia can be given by:

Immersion

A

Agent
Tricaine (MS222)

Route
In water

Suitable for
Fish

28
Q

Schedule 1 - confirmation

Schedule 1 methods MUST be confirmed by one of the following:

A

Confirmation of permanent cessation of the circulation
Destruction of the brain
Dislocation of the neck
Exsanguination
Confirming the onset of rigor mortis
Instant destruction of the body in a macerator

E.g.. Overdose of anaesthesia followed by …………..

29
Q

Schedule 1

Once dead

A

Anyone can take tissues etc. from animals that are ‘legally dead’ following schedule 1 killing. (No training or licences required).

Animals are NOT ‘legally dead’ until confirmation is carried out.

Principles of the 3R’s must be applied even when using schedule 1 methods only.

If you are in any doubt about Schedule 1 issues (or any other procedure) please contact a NACWO or NVS

30
Q

Non Schedule 1 killing

A

Methods of killing which are not on the Schedule 1 table can be used to kill laboratory animals:

BUT

The technique MUST be listed in a project licence
The person killing MUST have a personal licence and be trained and signed as competent in the technique in their training records

PIL (5 decks)

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