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Pharm I > Anti-parasitics > Flashcards

Anti-parasitics Flashcards

1
Q

what is the objective of chemotherapeutic drugs?

A

to level the playing field so that the body’s own defense mechanisms will have an opportunity to prevail against the invaders

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2
Q

what is a parasite?

A

an organism that lives in or on a host organism and gets its food from or at the expense of its host

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3
Q

3 main classes of parasites?

A

protozoa
helminths
ectoparasites

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4
Q

what can Trypanosoma cruzi cause? two drugs that can be used to tx that are -cidal?

A

chagas disease
can cause cardiomyopathies in chronic cases
azoles and nitros

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5
Q

what can Toxocariasis cause?

A

blindness, esp in children

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6
Q

where can one pick up toxoplasmosis?

A

from cat feces and from infected meat/tissues

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7
Q

when would you tx toxoplasmosis? how do you tx/

A

in immunocompromised individuals

tx with selected antimalarial and antibiotic drugs

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8
Q

what is the most common non-viral STD in the US? MC tx?

A

trichomoniasis (gonorrhea)

MC tx: metronidazole

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9
Q

5 drugs to tx malaria?

A

choroquine
quinine
primaquine
artimisinins (artesunate, artemether)

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10
Q

2 drugs to tx amebiasis?

A

metronidazole

tinidazole

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11
Q

cellular make-up of protozoa?

A

microscopic, one-celled organisms that can be free-living or parasitic in nature
if live in GI then will be be transmitted fecal-oral route
if live in blood or tissue then will be transmitted via anthropod vector

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12
Q

4 groups of protozoa?

A

sarcodina
mastigophora
ciliophora
sporozoa

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13
Q

tx of malarial protozoa?

A

chloroquine

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14
Q

tx of amebiasis and other protozoa?

A

metronidazole

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15
Q

tx of helminths?

A

mebendazol

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16
Q

tx of ectoparasites?

A

ivermectin

17
Q

category of chloroquine? MOA?

A

category: anti-protozoal
MOA: damages parasitic DNA, damages membrane of RBC that is infected, can also inactivate enzyme of plasmodium that normally polymerizes the heme that is released as the parasite digests the host Hgb

18
Q

predicted actions of chloroquine?

A

prophylaxis or acute tx of malaria dt P. falciparum

19
Q

SEs of chloroquine?

A

GI upset, h/a, pruritis, can cause retinal damage, use cautiously in pts w/hepatic dysfxn, can cause severe hemolysis in pts w/G6PD deficiency

20
Q

4 distinguishing characteristics of chloroquine?

A

PO
rapidly absorbed
may allow for cure in less than 1 wk
resistance is now reported in some parts of the world

21
Q

category of metronidazole/flagyl? MOA?

A

category: antibiotic/antiprotozoal
MOA: binds to protozoan or anaerobic bacterial DNA= no more cell division

22
Q

4 distinguishing characteristics of metronidazole/flagyl?

A

azole compound
inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase in liver
highly lipid soluble
metallic taste

23
Q

predicted actions of metronidazole/flagyl?

A 
absorbed via all routes
distributed to all tissues
use caution in pts w/hepatic dysfxn as can cause severe hemolysis in pts w/G6PD deficiency
c/i with EtOH
CANNOT tx yeast and tinea overgrowth
24
Q

category of mebendazole/vermox? MOA?

A

category: antihelmintic (most commonly used)
MOA: microtubule destruction

25
Q

distinguishing characteristics of mebendazole/vermox?

A

chewable tablet available
few adverse SEs
excreted, unchanged in feces
avoid during PG

26
Q

mebendazole/vermox is effective in treating what?

A

helminths: pinworms, roundworms, whipworms, hookworms

27
Q

category of ivermectin? MOA?

A

category: antiparasitic (helminths and ectoparasites)
MOA: intensify release of GABA transmission

28
Q

distinguishing characteristic of ivermectin?

A

administered orally

29
Q

predicted actions of ivermectin?

A

avoid w/benzodiazepines and barbiturates
cidal to helminths and arthropods
systemic distribution to parasites
avoid during PG

30
Q

category of pyrethrins? MOA?

A

category: antiparasitic, insecticide, insect repellant
MOA: sustain open Na channels in insects

31
Q

distinguishing characteristics of pyrethrins?

A

produced by chrysanthemum flower

biodegradable

32
Q

predictable actions of pyrethrins?

A

repeated and extended nerve d/c in insects
insect seizure before death
replaced irreversible cholinesterase inhibitors

33
Q

category of arteisinin (qinghaosu)? MOA?

A

category: antiparasitic, antiprotozoal
MOA: schizonticide in all malarial forms, possibly via free radical formation

34
Q

distinguishing characteristics of arteisinin?

A

derivative of ancient chinese herbal medicine

relatively recent commercial use

35
Q

predicted actions of arteisinin?

A

limited resistance

emerging as first line drug over quinine derivatives

Pharm I (18 decks)

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